Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Integrated Food Waste Management for Climate Change Mitigation in Developing Asian Countries Janya SANG-ARUN, Researcher Magnus BENGTSSON, Senior Policy Researcher Taib SHAZWIN, Intern Integrated Waste Management and Resource Efficiency

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Introduction to IGES IGES is an NPO based in Japan (5 branch offices) Working on policy-research and providing services and facilitating policy development to Ministries in Japan (esp. Ministry of Environment) and Governments in Asia and the Pacific. 7 Divisions: Waste and Resources Management, Natural Resource Management (Forest, Fresh Water, Biodiversity), Climate Policy, Climate Market Mechanism, Environmental Education, Economic Analysis, and Program Management Office. Download publications: 2

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Presentation outline 3 Potential GHG emissions and reductions from food waste Food waste management hierarchy based on 3Rs Example of food waste management in Cambodia, Thailand and India Conclusion

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Waste composition in developing Asia countries 4 Waste composition Developing Asia* (%) India** (%) Food waste Plastic5-174 Paper4-205 Metal Glass Miscellaneous *Compile from various sources ** toxic link, 2002

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Potential GHG emissions through landfill of food waste CountryMSW (Mt/yr) Food waste (Mt/yr) GHG emissions (MtCO 2 eq/yr) Shallow landfillDeep landfill China India Indonesia Thailand Viet Nam Philippines Malaysia Bangladesh Sum

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Potential GHG emissions reduction through waste reduction, composting, and anaerobic digestion Management practiceGHG emissions reduction compared to landfill (KgCO 2 eq/kg of food waste) Waste reduction Anaerobic digestion Composting

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Preferable food waste management technology 7  Low GHG emissions  Efficient resource recovery  Low energy input  Low monetary investment  Low environmental impact  Simple and easy to handle

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Integrated food waste management hierarchy 8 ReuseRecycleRecoveryReduce

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Urban Composting in Phnom Penh, Cambodia Waste generation is 1,200 ton/day 30 ton/day of waste from food market is composting by a NGO (COMPED) 9

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Compost price is 75 USD/ton of compost GHG emissions reduction is around 1.7 tCO 2 eq/day 10

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Urban Composting in Bangkok, Thailand Waste generation : 8,500 tons/day Composting: 1,000 tons/day of waste Compost price: 63 USD/ton GHG emissions reduction: 659 tCO 2 eq/day 11

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Household composting in Bangkok (pilot scale) 12

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Anaerobic digestion in Rayong, Thailand Waste generation: 60 tons/day Capacity of the plant: 60 tons/day Actual operation: tons/day Use of biogas: Generating electricity  sell to national grid GHG emissions reduction: 26 tCO 2 eq/day 13

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Anaerobic digestion in Kerala, India 14 Initiated by BIOTECH India (Trivandrum, Kochi, etc) 35% of investment cost is subsidized 16,000 household with waste input of 3 kg/day 220 community’s digesters 25 schools with capacity of 50 kg of waste per day 45 plants with capacity of 250 kg of waste per day is generating electricity from biogas produced 30-50% saving LPG use for cooking Short term economic return

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Biogas plant at a school in Trivandrum Plant capacity: 100 kgs of waste input Current waste input: kgs + 20 l kitchen wastewater Energy saving: 35% Effluent: use as liquid fertilizer in school Plan to collect food waste from other organization 15

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Biogas plant at YWCA (dormitory) in Trivandrum Capacity: 25 kgs of waste input Waste input: 25 kgs waste + 75 kitchen wastewater Effluent: discharge to wastewater canal Energy saving: not yet obvious 16

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Biogas plant at a fish market in Trivandrum Capacity: 250 kgs waste input/day Use of biogas: Generating electricity (5kW) for lighting the market and community road 17

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Household biogas project in Trivandrum Waste input 3 kg/day Size: 1 m 3 Biogas use: cooking Effluent: use for gardening Saving 50% of LPG for cooking 18

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Mechanical Biological Pre-Treatment (MBT) Implement in Phitsanulok, Thailand since 1999 Could reduce GHG emissions and extend lifetime of landfill Plastic waste is segregated before dumping into landfill 19

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Conclusion Food waste contributes large amount of GHG emissions from the waste sector of developing Asian countries. The government should promote use of food waste as a resource (e.g. animal feed, biogas, and composting) in household or community scale. To increase efficiency of food waste utilization, food waste separation at source is required. Not all of food waste can be separated, MBT should be applied for mixed waste. 20

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change IGES future work on food waste and climate change 1.Supporting local governments by developing an implementation guideline and decision tool for promoting use of organic waste in Laos, Cambodia and Thailand. 2.Providing training workshop to local governments in Laos, Cambodia and Thailand. 3.Study on multiple benefits of organic waste management. 4.Biomass town for resource efficiency and climate change mitigation in developing Asian countries. 21

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change Acknowledgement  Financial supporters: Ministry of Environment, Japan (MOEJ) Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN)  CCDC2010 Organizers 22

Sang-Arun et al. IGES | CCDC-2010, Feb 19-22, 2010, Kottayam, India Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Food waste management and climate change 23 Thank You