1 Chapter The Jazz Age

2 PRODUCED BY Multimedia Learning, LLC WRITTEN BY HERSCHEL SARNOFF & DANA BAGDASARIAN COPYRIGHT 2007 CONTACT INFORMATION: VERSION 1.0

Chapter The Jazz Age Section 1: The Clash of Values

4 The world as it looked to many Americans after WWI, full of problems and dangers.

5 FEAR OF OUTSIDE INFLUENCES LED TO RESTRICTIONS ON IMMIGRATION

6 SACCO & VANZETTI

7 DESPITE MASSIVE PROTESTS AROUND THE GLOBE SACCO AND VANZETTI WERE EXECUTED IN AUGUST OF 1927 THE FUNERALDEATH MASKS

8 EXTREME FEAR OF FOREIGN INFLUENCES BREEDS HATRED

9 WOMEN KKK MEMBERS MARCH

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11 PUBLICATIONS IN COLORADO AND GEORGIA

12 THE KLAN SHOW ITS POWER AND STRENGTH BY ORGANIZING A MARCH IN WASHINGTON D.C. IN ,000 KU KLUX KLAN MEMBERS MARCHING BY AUGUST OF 1925 THE KLAN HAD 5 MILLION MEMBERS AND CONTROLLED THE SEVERAL STATE GOVERNMENTS

13 ANTI SEMITISM IN THE 1920s LEO FRANK, JEWISH BUSINESSMAN, WAS LYNCHED IN ATLANTA IN 1915 FOR A CRIME HE DID NOT COMMIT "THE IMMEDIATE OBJECT OF THE LEAGUE IS TO STOP, BY APPEALS TO REASON AND CONSCIENCE AND, IF NECESSARY, BY APPEALS TO LAW, THE DEFAMATION OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE. ITS ULTIMATE PURPOSE IS TO SECURE JUSTICE AND FAIR TREATMENT TO ALL CITIZENS ALIKE AND TO PUT AN END FOREVER TO UNJUST AND UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST AND RIDICULE OF ANY SECT OR BODY OF CITIZENS." ADL CHARTER OCTOBER 1913 LOGO FROM: ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE FOUNDED, 1913

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15 THE ROLE OF WOMEN BEGAN TO CHANGE

16 WOMEN AT TURN OF THE CENTURY WOMEN IN THE 1920s

suffrage riots in front of the white house gates. Several of the women picketing were arrested. Six women war workers, representing thousands of others, were delegated to see President Wilson to urge him to support passage of the federal suffrage amendment. These women were employed at Bethlehem steel company's plant at Newcastle, Pennsylvania. They argued that the women were serving the government in war industries and felt the urgent need of federal enfranchisement.

18 SUFFRAGIST MARCHINGPROPAGANDA POSTER

19 AMENDMENT XIX THE RIGHT OF CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES TO VOTE SHALL NOT BE DENIED OR ABRIDGED BY THE UNITED STATES OR BY ANY STATE ON ACCOUNT OF SEX. CONGRESS SHALL HAVE POWER TO ENFORCE THIS ARTICLE BY APPROPRIATE LEGISLATION. WOMEN GET THE RIGHT TO VOTE WITH THE 19 TH AMENDMENT AUGUST 24, 1920

20 WOMEN VOTING IN 1920

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22 WOMEN BEING ARRESTED IN 1922 FOR WEARING REVEALING BATHING SUITS

23 POPULAR MAGAZINE COVERS

24 FLAPPERS

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26 THE NEW WOMAN OF THE 1920s

27 NEW CAREERS AND OPPORTUNITIES OPENED UP FOR WOMEN IN THE 1920s

28 Fundamentalists wanted to restore traditional religious values as they saw them and believed that the Bible was literally true and without error. They rejected evolution and believed in creationism. The Fundamentalist Movement

29 BILLY SUNDAY WAS A BASEBALL PLAYER WHO BECAME AN EVANGELIST CRUSADING FOR THE PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AMERICA

30 SCOPES TRIAL THE ACLU RAN AN AD IN THE LOCAL DAYTON, TENNESSEE PAPER LOOKING FOR A TEACHER WHO WOULD HELP TO CHALLENGE THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE NEW LAW FORBIDDING THE TEACHING OF EVOLUTION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS. JOHN SCOPES, THE TEACHER WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN, THE PROSECUTOR CLARENCE DARROW, THE DEFENSE LAWYER

31 The July 1925 trial quickly turned into a media circus with banners decorating the streets. Food and drink stands were set up. Rumors were that chimpanzees had been brought to town to testify for the prosecution. The press descended on Dayton with editorial cartoonists and had a field day ridiculing the trial.

32 The trial ended with a confrontation between Bryan on the witness stand and Darrow questioning him about creation theory. Bryan was unable to convincingly defend his position, although because the judge did not allow any discussion about the validity of evolutionary theory scopes was found guilty and fined $ Later the conviction was thrown out in the appeal. However the law was not repealed until 1967.

33 ROOTS OF PROHIBITION 18 TH AMENDMENT VOLSTEAD ACT PROBLEMS OF ENFORCEMENT

34 Anti-alcohol movements had been gaining strength throughout the 19 th and early 20 th century “Drunkards progress” poster that was issued in several formats throughout the 19 th century showing the progression from “a glass of wine with a friend” to “death by suicide”.

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37 CARRY NATION, A LEADING ACTIVIST OF THE ANTI-TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT

38 Amendment xviii Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. Section 2. The congress and the several states shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the constitution by the legislatures of the several states, as provided in the constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the states by the Congress. THE 18 TH AMENDMENT, 1919, MADE PROHIBITION THE LAW OF THE LAND

39 THE 18 TH AMENDMENT WAS ENFORCED BY THE VOLSTEAD ACT, WHICH PASSED DESPITE PRESIDENT WILSON’S VETO IN 1919 CONGRESSMAN ANDREW VOLSTEAD

40 A MAJOR EFFECT OF PROHIBITION WAS THE RISE OF CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS FORMED TO SATISFY THE DEMANDS OF AMERICANS WHO DECIDED THEY WANTED LIQUOR IN SPITE OF THE 18 TH AMENDMENT AND VOLSTEAD ACT.

41 AL CAPONE A.K.A SCARFACE (One of many crime bosses)

42 THE VOLSTEAD ACT IN ACTION

43 Deaths due to alcohol, Cook County, Illinois Source: US Senate Judiciary committee Hearings on national prohibition, 1926

Chapter The Jazz Age Section 2: Cultural Innovations

45 RADIO MOVIES ADVERTISING & MASS CULTURE AUTOMOBILES

46 ERNEST HEMINGWAY F. SCOTT FITZGERALD & ZELDA, “KING AND QUEEN OF THE JAZZ AGE” GERTRUDE STEIN (ON THE RIGHT) PROLIFIC WRITERS OF THE JAZZ AGE

47 RADIOS AND MOVIES: THE GROWTH OF A WORLDWIDE CULTURE

48 KDKA, THE FIRST COMMERCIAL RADIO STATION IN THE U.S. KDKA BEGAN SCHEDULED PROGRAMMING WITH THE HARDING-COX PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RETURNS ON NOVEMBER 2, 1920 FIRST COMMERCIAL RADIO BROADCAST

49 In 2002 dollars the Lyric Radios cost $ to $ ADS FOR RADIOS IN THE 1920s

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51 MOTION PICTURES MOTION PICTURES BEGAN IN THE EARLY 1900’S BY 1925 MOVIES WERE THE FOURTH LARGEST BUSINESS IN THE U.S. THE EARLY FILMS WERE SILENT AND BLACK AND WHITE THE FIRST PICTURE WITH SOUND THE JAZZ SINGER WAS INTRODUCED IN 1927 WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF “TALKIES” MOVIE ATTENDANCE WENT FROM 40 MILLION IN 1922 TO OVER 85 MILLION IN 1929 THERE WERE OVER 30,000 MOVIE THEATERS AND MOST PEOPLE WENT TO THE MOVIES AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK NEWSREELS WERE SHOWN THAT ALLOWED PEOPLE FOR THE FIRST TIME TO SEE FILMED NEWS COVERAGE FROM AROUND THE WORLD HOLLYWOOD, CALIFORNIA BECAME THE CENTER OF THE FILM INDUSTRY AND MOVIE STARS SET THE TONE FOR FASHION AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

52 THE JAZZ SINGER WAS THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL TALKING PICTURE

53 MOVIE “PALACES” WERE BUILT TO ENHANCE THE MOVIE GOING EXPERIENCE

54 MOVIE STARS CLARA BOW MARY PICKFORD CHARLIE CHAPLIN RUDOLPH VALENTINO

55 ADVERTISING BECAME THE VEHICLE TO SELL MASS CULTURE

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’S HOME FURNISHINGS WITH INSTALLMENT (CREDIT) PRICES

58 PROFESSIONAL AND COLLEGE SPORTS BECAME VERY POPULAR IN THE 1920s BABE RUTH AND 1927 YANKEES BASEBALL, FOOTBALL, BOXING, TENNIS AND GOLF AND OTHER SPECTATOR SPORTS GAINED HUGE FOLLOWINGS IN THE 1920s

59 THE AUTOMOBILE, ELECTRICITY AND HOUSING INDUSTRIES WERE THE MAJOR FACTORS FUELING THE ECONOMIC “BOOM” OF THE 1920s

60 FADS OF THE 1920s  Flagpole Sitting  Flappers  Mahjongg  Freudianism  Dance Marathons

61 In November of 1923, the greatest archaeological discovery of the 20 th century was revealed: the opening of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamen's 3300 year old tomb.

Chapter The Jazz Age Section 3: African American Culture

63 Harlem Renaissance: 1919 to 1935, Harlem New York City After WWI many Blacks fled the south for better economic opportunities and freedom from KKK violence. Harlem, New York was a popular destination and New York city’s Black population swelled from 30,000 in 1900 to over 300,000 in 1930.

64 Black artists, writers, dancers, poets, historians, and many others turned Harlem into a center of culture, creativity, and exploration of African American roots.

65 Langston Hughes Zora Neale Hurston

66 AUGUSTA SAVAGE, SCULPTOR COUNTEE CULLEN, POET OF THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE

67 JAZZ WAS SO POPULAR THAT THE 20s IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE JAZZ AGE DUKE ELLINGTON LOUIS ARMSTRONG BIG BAND

68 THE NAACP, WHICH WAS FOUNDED IN 1909, REFUSED TO BE INTIMIDATED BY THE KLAN. THEY HELD THEIR ANNUAL CONFERENCE IN 1920 IN ATLANTA, ONE OF THE MOST ACTIVE KLAN AREAS AT THE TIME. TWO YEARS LATER, THE NAACP PLACED LARGE ADS IN MAJOR NEWSPAPERS TO PRESENT THE FACTS ABOUT LYNCHING. THIS CARTOON SHOWS THE ANTI- LYNCHING BILLS BEING PUT OFF BY CONGRESS. THE NAACP LOBBIED CONGRESS UNSUCCESSFU LLY FOR LEGISLATION. LOGO FROM

69 NAACP MAGAZINE, THE CRISIS

70 MARCUS GARVEY

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72 History Online Self-Check Quiz Visit the American Vision: Modern Times Web site at tav.mt.glencoe.com and click on Self-Check Quizzes-Chapter 7 to assess your knowledge of chapter content.