Salk Hall Laboratory Chris KellyMechanicalEplee AE Senior Thesis 2011

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Approximately 82,000 GSF Provide additional research laboratories for the Schools of Dental Medicine, Pharmacy, and the Graduate School of Public Health Dates of Construction: Nov 2010-April 2012 Anticipated Total Cost: $42,095,739 Render of Salk Hall

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Located just north of the existing Salk Hall Complex Reinforce pedestrian access east and west across the site Research laboratory 5 Floors above grade + Mechanical Penthouse Connection Between Existing Salk Hall & The Addition

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Administrative and Office Spaces Environmental & Specialized Control Rooms Intent to earn LEED Certification Exterior skin is a combination of terra cotta rain screening, zinc panel cladding, glass, and light toned bricks. East-West Access Between Buildings

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System High Air Change Rates ASHRAE Standard 62.1 Considerations University of Pittsburgh Lab Standard Dilution Ventilation ASHRAE does not specifically address laboratories in Standard 62.1_2007. University standard of 6-10 ACH Occupied, 4 ACH unoccupied Fume Hood Exhaust System Occupancy Sensors incorporated as part of the BOD High Carbon Emissions due to large volumes of outdoor air that need to be conditioned

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System High Internal Cooling Loads Linear Equipment Corridor Typical 6-8 watts/SF Elevated lighting densities Need for year round cooling in many conditioned zones within Salk Hall Ballinger’s Architectural Model of the Salk Hall Addition

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Indoor Design ConditionsOutdoor Design Conditions Summer Design Criteria: 91°F DB, 72°F Winter Design Criteria: 3°F DB Temperatures as per the ASHRAE Fundamentals 0.4/99.6% condition for Pittsburgh, PA

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System HVAC System Design Summary Three Identical 29,000 CFM Air Handling Units All Units are 100% OA (Per University Standard) Each AHU includes a Total Energy (Enthalpy) Recovery Wheel Exhaust air is discharged through high plume dilution exhaust fans B.O.D. HVAC System

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System AHU Design Summary MERV 7 Pre-filter, MERV 14 Final Filter Steam Preheat Coil Section (Frost Prevention) Supply Fan with VFD (Blow Through Configuration) Humidifier section along with a CHW cooling coil Typical BOD Air Handling Unit

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Terminal Unit Design Phoenix Venturi Control Valves Envirotec Variable Air Volume Boxes Fan Coil Units (Local Cooling in Linear Equipment Corridor) Fan Powered Boxes (Conference Room) Phoenix Variable Air Volume Control Valve

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Hydronic Systems Design Information Chilled Water supplied by Peterson Event Chiller Plant The PEC Plant will be expanded to include a 1200 ton chiller, a 1100 cooling tower, and a primary pump CHW services AHU cooling coils and F.C.U.s The Process Chilled Water loop will be isolated from the campus system via a plate and frame heat exchanger Split-Refrigeration Diagram

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Hydronic Systems Design Information (Part II) Hot water heating system will consists of two shell-and- tube, LPS-to-hot water heat exchangers. Two Primary Pumps have been provided Secondary pumps will be provided for the perimeter radiation system. Reheat coils and other heating equipment will be provided with two-way control valves (Return Side) HVAC Control Strategy The laboratory’s airflow control system was designed with Phoenix Controls’ analog air valves with Automated Logic BAS DDC controllers, performing the laboratory airflow and temperature control. Phoenix Valves are also utilized on with fume hoods in order to maintain a local face velocity across the sash of the fume hood

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Neutral Air Need for large quantities of outdoor air for ventilation purposes gave way to the design of AHU’s that produce neutral air Air that is slightly lower than room temperature but has been dehumidified in order to maintain the RH of the building

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Dual Wheel Air Handling Units Passive Total Energy Recovery Conventional Cooling Coil Passive Dehumidification Wheel Heating Coil SEMCO PVS AHU

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Psychometric Chart Functions Psychometric Chart Key

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Re-Design Indoor Design Conditions AHU Summary (2) 33,000 CFM Air Handling Units (1) AHU to serve ventilation system (1) AHU to handle the thermal comfort load by providing Neutral Air to the active chilled beam terminal units

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Demand Control Ventilation Achieving the safe reduction or variation of air change rates in laboratories can represent the single greatest approach for reducing energy consumption The University of Pittsburgh’s laboratory ACH standard is 6-10 ACH. The intent of minimum ventilation rates is to rapidly clear a contaminated room of fugitive emissions, lab spills, or vapors generated by bench-top work. How do we lower ventilation rates? Can we simply lower the ventilation rate? What about decreasing the unoccupied ventilation rate?

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System ANSWER: AIRCUITY Sensors that directly measure the quality of air Detect contaminant levels of VOCs, ammonia, various chemical vapors, and particulates. Sensors determine whether or not a Laboratory zone is determined to be “Clean”. If contaminant levels are above a given concentration level, the aircuity system signals the ventilation system to operate at 100%. A study presented at the 2009 Winter ASHRAE conference showed a greater than 10-1 reduction in lab background concentrations after increasing the ventilation rate from 4 to 8 ACH. Aircuity’s “Smart Lab” Demand Control Ventilation system will be incorporated in the re-design.

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Active Chilled Beams Each beam must meet its respective peak sensible load Primary airflow sized according to the amount of air needed to meet the Peak Latent Load per space KEY: Using water warming than typical 45°F CHW KEY: Avoiding Condensation within the beam Active Chilled Beam Diagram

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Fume Hood Exhaust Adequate “pull” is required to remove fumes Face velocity is measured in FPM at the vertical sash plane A low flow fume hood is one that has had the exhaust volume reduced by operating through a smaller sash opening Low velocity fume hoods can maintain an appropriate capture rate with face velocities as low as 60fpm Typical Fume Hood Laminar vs. Turbulent Flow

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Hydronic System Re-Design Double-Bundle Heat Recovery Chiller A Double Bundle HRC adds a second heat-recovery condenser to collect the heat normally rejected to the cooling tower When a heating load exists, water flows through the cooling condenser and is adjusted so that the chiller rejects less heat to the cooling tower Ideally, the HRC can produce condenser water as high as 130°F

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Condensing Boilers Aerco’s BMK Condensing Boiler Reduce hot water system design temperature Dew point for flue gases from the combustion of natural gas is around 135°F. These gases contain carbon dioxide and water vapor. (Carbonic Acid) Max efficiency of non-condensing boiler = 87% Supply temperatures as low as 130°F

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System TRACE 700 vs. ASHRAE RSTM Spreadsheet TRACE 700 vs. RSTM Load Calculation Commercial Software vs. ASHRAE Spreadsheet NW Laboratory includes high internal loads, 2 exterior facing walls, and a 20 person occupant density “Identical” Design Inputs

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System BOD Simulated Results

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Re-Design Simulated Results

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Re-Design Simulated Results 14,876,242 Lbs. of Pollutants BOD Simulated Results 16,003,220 Lbs. of Pollutants

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Comparison Reduction in Fan Power “Smart Lab” Demand Control Ventilation System Constant 4 ACH vs. 8 ACH Reduce load on fans by 61%

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Comparison BOD Requires 2,353,112 kWh from University Campus CHW plant The Re-Design only requires 604,556 kWh for the HRC Function of amount of airflow being cooled, but also the lack of heat recovery at the chilled water plant Cooling tower load is 76% less than that of the BOD

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Comparison While the efficiencies of the condensing boiler and steam plant my rival each other, the condensing boiler operates at a lower temperature reducing energy cost Re-heat is completely eliminated in the re-design Annual electrical demand on the re-design’s hot water system is 61% less than that of the BOD’s

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Comparison Pinnacle PVS air handling units will not utilize a pre-heat coil or humidification system The Pinnacle PVS AHUs would reduce the demand on the Salk Hall Addition’s HVAC system by nearly 1,041,000 kBTU per year with regard to humidification and frost prevention

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Design Considerations BOD’s emergency power service was designed to operate on a 500 kW emergency generator University of Pittsburgh Design Standards were consulted prior to the re-design

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Design Considerations Power is to originate at the University of Pittsburgh Central Utilities Plant at 4,160 Volts. The medium-voltage feeders will terminate in two substations in the new Salk Hall Basement One substation will serve all 480V loads within the building, while the other will serve all 208V loads

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Design Strategy Locate emergency generator on grade in an isolated room with sound attenuation Generator will have a muffler on its exhaust Automatic transfer switches are located on the ground floor, separate from the generator room and main electrical room Separate ATS units will be provided for emergency, standby, and optional loads

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Design Strategy Locate emergency generator on grade in an isolated room with sound attenuation Generator will have a muffler on its exhaust Automatic transfer switches are located on the ground floor, separate from the generator room and main electrical room Separate ATS units will be provided for emergency, standby, and optional loads

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Primary ATSSecondary ATS

 Introduction  Building Program  Laboratory Design Characteristics  Existing HVAC System  Re-Designed HVAC System  Simulated Results  Emergency Power System Design Summary A new emergency generator will not need to be purchased since the required power generation is on 420 kW. This is under the 500 kW capacity of the BOD’s emergency generator.