Plant Systems 7th Grade Science

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand the basic structure and function (job) of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of plants Consider the similarities between animal systems and plant systems

Plant CELLS (review) Have all the same basic parts as animals EXCEPT also have a CELL WALL and CHLOROPLASTS Larger vacuoles for storing water Usually have a more square shape

Plant TISSUES Tissues = cells that are working in a team to do the same job (function)

Xylem & Phloem Tissue Are the “circulatory system” of the plant Both are TUBES used for transport

Usually xylem tubes are larger (in diameter) Xylem & Phloem Tissue Xylem (pronounced zi-lem) tissue is made of tubes that carry WATER and MINERALS (*usually upward from the roots to the rest of the plant) Usually xylem tubes are larger (in diameter)

Xylem & Phloem Tissue Phloem (pronounced flo- em) tissue is made of tubes that carry FOOD (or SUGARS) (*usually downward from the leaves to the rest of the plant) Phloem Tube

a vein (made of xylem & phloem tissue) Form the “veins” in leaves Also called “vascular” tissue Each line = a vein (made of xylem & phloem tissue)

Xylem & Phloem Tissue Xylem Tissue Phloem Tissue

Xylem & Phloem Tissue

Plant ORGANS Organs = 2 or more tissues working together to do the same job (function)

Roots Leaves Flowers Stems Plants, like animals, have 4 main systems that helps them function as a whole. Roots Leaves Flowers Stems

ROOTS Jobs of a Root: Absorb water & minerals from the soil. Transport water & minerals up to stem & leaves. Anchor the plant in soil. Store food (ex. carrot, radish, & turnip)

STEMS Jobs of a Stem: To support leaves and flowers To transport water, minerals, and food To store and sometimes make food

STEMS

LEAVES Jobs of Leaves Take in sunlight to make food (photosynthesis) Chloroplasts are the organelle that make this possible in plant cells

LEAVES Chlorophyll is the molecule in green parts of plants that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H2O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO2) into sugar (glucose— C6H12O6) and oxygen gas (O2). This process is called photosynthesis.

LEAVES Leaves come in many sizes and shapes; they are often used to help identify plants. Plant spines (like cactus spines) are actually modified leaves

Label your diagram as we go! (Add the numbers and arrows!) LEAVES 2 A leaf is made of many layers that are sandwiched between two layers of tough skin cells (called the epidermis). Label as #1 The epidermis also secretes a waxy substance called the cuticle (2). These layers protect the leaf from insects, bacteria, and other pests. 1 1

LEAVES 4 Among the epidermal cells are pairs of sausage- shaped guard cells (3). Each pair of guard cells forms a pore (called stoma; the plural is stomata-4). Gases enter and exit the leaf through the stomata. 3 3

LEAVES Most food production takes place in mesophyll cells. Gas exchange occurs in the air spaces between the oddly shaped cells of the spongy mesophyll (5). 5

LEAVES Veins (6) support the leaf and are filled with vessels that transport food, water, and minerals to the plant through branches. 6

LEAVES video clips Photosynthesis by Brainpop Autumn Leaves by Brainpop Leaves Video Clip-Discovery Channel

FLOWERS Jobs of Flowers reproductive system of seed plants

FLOWERS PETALS Parts of the flower include: petals

FLOWERS Parts of the flower include: sepals SEPALS

FLOWERS pistil (the female reproductive organs) Parts of the flower include: pistil (the female reproductive organs)

FLOWERS stamens (the male reproductive organs). Parts of the flower include: stamens (the male reproductive organs).

FLOWERS Can you identify the male and female parts of this flower?

SEEDS Flowers produce fruits, which grow seeds that can mature into new plants

SEEDS GERMINATION = when a seed starts growing

Can you see the new baby plant at the bottom of the peanut? SEEDS Can you see the new baby plant at the bottom of the peanut?

*Anything that has SEEDS on the inside is a FRUIT!!! FLOWERS FRUITS come from FLOWERS! *Anything that has SEEDS on the inside is a FRUIT!!!

FLOWERS Flower Anatomy

FLOWERS video clips Pollination by Brainpop Plant Growth by Brainpop Flower Parts by Discovery Channel

Miscellaneous video clips Extreme Plant Adaptations—Discovery Channel

Sources