W ATER Q UALITY OF W ADI A L -Z EIMAR U NDER THE D IRECTION OF D R. A BD A LFATTAH M ALLAH P REPARED B Y : N ASSER A BDULLAH A BU M OHSEN J AREH HASAN Y ASMEEN I SLEEM

Introduction  Water quality is a term used to describe the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water, usually in respect to its suitability for a particular purpose.  Many Palestinian city and villages are surrounding this wadi and discharge their wastewater into it. Main cities and villages are Nablus city, Zawata, Beit Eiba, Qusin, Deir Sharaf, Anabta, Nour Shams camp and Tulkarm city.

Zeimar Catchment Study Area

 Objective This project aims to Make preliminary study of the current situation in Wadi Al-Zeimar To study the pollution in the Wadi. To assess the self remediation capacity of the Wadi based on one parameter; dissolved oxygen. To introduce possible wastewater treatment solutions for reuse.

 Outputs of this research are expected to: Improve the water management of Wadi Al-Zeimar area. Improve the environmental and health conditions in Wadi Al-Zeimar area and surrounding communities. Increase the agricultural activities by utilizing the treated wastewater for irrigation. Build the awareness of farmers to how to utilize treated wastewater to irrigate their trees and to avoid using the untreated wastewater.

Literature Review  Sources of Pollution 1- point sources :Point sources are defined as localized discharges of contaminants. 2-nonpoint sources: Nonpoint sources of pollution include contaminant sources that are distributed over large areas or a composite of many point sources.  Effect on people and the biodiversity 1-Increase deterioration of public health and the increased spread of disease. 2-Pollution of natural resources of water, air and soil. 3-No influence of ground water and wells near Wadi Al- Zeimar. According report from Palestinian water authority.

sources of pollution

 Data Collection Date are collected about the study area of Wadi Al-Zeimar from Palestinian Bureau of Statistics and data are collected about population and water consumption from municipality of Nablus, Tulkarm and Anabta.  Sampling and Field Measurements Testing Points Locations Name of sampleTest point S1Beit iba S2Deir sharaf at WWP S3Anbta at omar al-khateb mosque S4middle Anbta S5before nour shams camp S6Nour shams S7after Tulkarem

HOW CAN REUSE WASTEWATER OF WADI AL-ZEIMA?

Stabilization Ponds  Waste water stabilization pond technology is one of the most important natural methods for wastewater treatment.  The rate of treatment in WSP is slower than in conventional wastewater treatment, and so hydraulic retention times are longer and measured in days rather than in hours.

Types and functions of WSP  Anaerobic Ponds (AP)  Facultative Ponds (FP)  Maturation Ponds (MP)

Anaerobic Pond They are 2–5 m deep and receive such a high organic loading (usually >100 g BOD/m3 day, equivalent to >3000 kg/ha day for a depth of 3 m) that they contain no dissolved oxygen and no algae The following design criteria should yield a BOD5 removal of 50% or better (WHO, 1987)

Facultative Ponds FP are of two types: - primary facultative ponds which receive raw wastewater (after preliminary treatment) - secondary facultative ponds which receive settled wastewater (usually the effluent from anaerobic ponds). - The maturation ponds depth m, usually 1.5 m

Maturation Ponds The main function of maturation ponds is to reduce the number of excreted pathogens, principally fecal bacteria and viruses, present in the effluent of FP BOD and suspended solids are removed only very slowly

For example Design an anaerobic pond to treat the following wastewater after anabt vallage : Q = m3/day. L i = 600 mg/l. T = 15°C. Influent E- coli/100 ml Li mg/lD (m) θ (day) A (m2)Qin (m3/d) Pond 5 x AP 4.5 x FP 3.8 x MP

BOD = 33 mg/l achieve the palestinan guidelines for effluent This plant will take approximately total area of 10.3 donum the number of eggs removal from the scendary facultative pond is less than one this mean the guideline level for restricted irrigation the E-coli removal > 1000 this mean not ok in this type of treatment (WSP

R ESULT

1. Current situation 2. scenario one  Waste-Water Treatment Plant at Nablus only  No Nitrification at WWTP of Nablus  BOD = 25mg/l  Kr treated waste-water = 0.2  Kr mixed in stream =.35

3. S CENARIO TWO IN YEAR 2020  Waste-Water Treatment Plant at Nablus  BOD=25mg/l  Waste-Water Treatment Plant at Anbta  BOD= 35mg/l  Kr treated waste-water = 0.2  Kr mixed in stream =.35  No Nitrification at WWTP of Nablus and Anbta.

4. S CENARIO THREE  Waste-water treatment plant at Nablus  BOD=25mg/l  Waste-Water Treatment Plant at Anbta  BOD= 35mg/l  K r treated waste-water = 0.2  K r mixed in stream =.35  Waste-Water Treatment Plant at Nour Shams.  BOD= 25mg/l  K r treated waste-water = 0.2  K r mixed in stream =.35  No Nitrification at WWTP of Nablus, Anbta and Nour Shams.

DO Sag Curve of current situation

DO S AG C URVE OF CURRENT SITUATION AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

DO S AG C URVE OF SITUATION FOR SCENARIO ONE & TWO 2020.

DO S AG OF SITUATION FOR SCENARIO THREE. C URVE

DO S AG C URVE OF FOR SCENARIO ONE AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

DO S AG C URVE OF FOR SCENARIO TWO AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

D ISCUSSION AND C ONCLUSION, R ECOMMENDATIONS  From initial values of BOD and DO, wadi al- zeimar cannot be used for irrigation of agricultural area.  Total solids usually come from organic and inorganic matters, but high values are obtained from sample tests so that give indicate about another resources increase values of total solids

 Highest value of NBOD obtained from Nablus city then values begin to decrease with the rout due to nitrogen consumption expect location near settlements.  Wastewater doesn’t seepage to ground water near the study area, but remain influence on people life.  Critical situation of wadi al-zeimar are in summer semester.