Intra Uterine Device (THE RIGHT CONTRACEPTIVE CHOICE)

2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF CONTRACEPTIVES For centuries men and women have been searching for the ultimate contraceptive method starting from the most parochial to the most modern  From potions to rituals  Different barrier methods  Modern methods as condoms  Injectables and implants  Contraceptive pills  To the most efficient …..IUD’s

3 MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF COPPER IUDS IUD prevents fertilization by:  Impairing the viability of the sperm  Interfering with sperm movement  Interferes with ovum transport and fertilization.  Stimulates a sterile body reaction in the endometrium. COURTESY…IPPF PUBLICATIONS

4 ADVANTAGES OF COPPER IUDS  The Copper-T IUD is the most effective reversible method of birth control  It is effective for at least 10 years.  The rate of Ectopic pregnancy is very low, only 2 in 10,000 women.  Fertility is restored immediately on discontinuation of method. Source… FHI International ( Family Health International)

5 ADVANTAGES CONT’D  The Copper T is very cost-effective over time.  It is convenient & safe method of contraception.  The Copper T IUD can be used by women who cannot use estrogen containing birth control pills.  It may be used by lactating women.

6 WHY IUDS Copper T 380A…the proven way to safe contraceptive Three broad advantages for the IUD usage  Advantage for the country program…  Advantage for the provider…  Advantage for the end user…

7 ADVANTAGE FOR THE COUNTRY PROGRAM  Cost effectiveness  Decrease in the fertility rate  Increase in the controlled population  Acceptability…religious & other considerations  Decrease in abortion rates  Environmentally friendly  Decrease in maternal mortality

8 COST EFFECTIVNESS  The cost of the IUD is least compared to the other methods Source…Contraceptive Technology Update Series…Family Health International

9 DECREASE IN FERTILITY RATE Increase in the iud’s usage results in the decrease in the fertility rate for example. Egypt Source…Development Statistics Data (World Bank)/UNICEF Publication

10 INCREASE IN CONTROLLED POPULATION Compared with the oral pills, condoms and injectibles, once the user starts using the IUD, it becomes fairly easier to provide other reproductive health facilities. IUD ORAL PILLSCONDOMSINJECTABLES Motivation required Not ReqdReqd Pre-Screening Reqd Over all check up's On visitNot Reqd Reliability HighAverageLowAverage Counselling GivenNot Reqd Optional

11 ACCEPTABILITY..RELIGIOUS & OTHER CONSIDERATIONS The use of IUD is accepted by all major religions in the world

12 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT  A news clippings from The Straits Times, Singapore shows the adverse affect of oral contraceptive pills on environment

13 ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY The packaging waste generated by IUD’s is negligible compared to the waste packets of condoms, the oral pills & injectables. Assumption….If all people of the reproductive age. sample size 1.5 Billion were to use a single method

14 DECREASE IN MATERNAL MORTALITY IUD usage reduces the pregnancy related deaths Reference…World Health Organization/Report of WHO Scientific Group )

15 ADVANTAGE FOR THE PROVIDER  Compared to other methods the IUDs require lesser follow ups METHODFOLLOW UP CYCLE A. ORAL PILLSONCE IN 6 MONTHS B. CONDOMSWHENEVER REQD C. DMPAONCE IN 3 MONTH D. CIC’SONCE A MONTH E. IUD’SONCE A YEAR

16 ADVANTAGE FOR THE END USER  Life span of the contraceptive.  Efficacy.  Decline in ectopic pregnancy  Continuation rate  Advantage to the end user.

17 ADVANTAGE TO THE END USER LIFE SPAN OF IUD & OTHER METHODS TCu 380A has a sustained life span of 10 years as compared to the other methods METHODSLIFE SPAN TCu 380 A 10 YEARS ORAL PILLS 1 MONTH INJECTABLES 3 MONTHS CONDOMS. ONE USE

18 EFFICACY  Failure percentage of different methods with typical use Source…Contraceptive Technology Update Series…Family Health International

19 LOW ECTOPIC PREGNANCIES Use of TCu 380 A has one of the lowest rates of ectopic pregnancies. Source…Contraceptive Technology Update Series…Family Health International

20 CONTINUATION RATE  IUD has one of the highest continuation rates Source…California Journal of Health-System Pharmacy

21 ADVANTAGE TO THE END USER  Advisable to women who need effective contraception cover for several years, but who do not prefer to be sterilized.  Advantageous where the accessibility to the regular supply of contraceptives is limited.  The method is cost effective & costs less for the user than any other method.

22 ADVANTAGES CONTD  Advantageous to women who are forgetful about using daily contraceptives  Alternative to women taking regular medication that interacts with hormonal contraceptives  Women whose domestic arrangements lack privacy for storing or using other methods of contraceptives.

23 THANK YOU