European approaches to transport data collection and analysis for strategic policy and impact evaluation TRB 92 nd Annual Meeting Session 824: Transport data program development: International best practices – Part 2 16 th January 2013 Sujith Kollamthodi Practice Director – Sustainable Transport Ricardo-AEA Limited

Overview Ricardo-AEA is responsible for annually compiling the UK’s National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory Key part of this is the road transportation emissions inventory Complexity of the road transportation sector means that multiple data sources are required to provide accurate estimates New techniques and data sources are enabling us to make significant improvements to these inventories

Basic methodology Emission factor determinants: pollutant type vehicle type vehicle size (engine size/weight) vehicle age retrofit technology fuel type fuel quality fuel volatility speed temperature degradation Emission factors hot exhaust cold start evaporative Activity data km traveled/yr fuel consumption/yr trip length EMISSIONS tonnes/yr (UK) 1x1 km maps Emissions from each vehicle type =Emission FactorXActivity (Tonnes per year)(grams/km or g/kg fuel(vkm traveled or kg fuel consumed)

Road transport inventory – coverage and level of disaggregation Pollutants CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, Fuel consumption NO x, PM 10, PM 2.5, CO, VOCs, benzene, 1,3- butadiene, SO 2, NH 3, primary NO 2, PAHs… Vehicle types Petrol and diesel cars Petrol and diesel vans Rigid and artic HGVs Buses and coaches Motorcycles Road types Urban Rural Motorway

Activity data Annual vehicle km data Department for Transport (DfT) traffic census: for Great Britain, with disaggregation for England, Scotland, Wales Vehicle Speed data DfT traffic census Vehicle sales and fleet composition data (DfT Licensing Statistics ) % diesel cars % by age (to derive fleet composition by emissions standard) Technology, retrofits Fuel consumption data from UK official fuel sales statistics Gasoline, diesel, LPG, natural gas Bottom-up estimates reconciled with top-down fuel sales data

Road traffic by vehicle type and road class Information required by 31 st August each year: all years back to 1990 on a consistent basis

Mapping fuel use and emissions Emissions mapped using OS UK Road Network Links DfT traffic census count-point data Speed data from automatic traffic counters VKM traveled statistics Implied UK-average emission factors for many different road types Average Emission Factors by Road Type DfT Traffic Flows & VKM OS Road Network Links 1x1 km emission maps Local Authority Fuel Use Statistics to support provision of sub-national energy trends Local Authority CO 2 end user emissions

Scoping Study on use of Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) data Current situation Vehicle fleet composition estimates based on licensing data, vehicle survival functions, mileage-with-age profiles No regional or road-type variations, except assumption that higher mileage for diesel cars on rural roads/motorways than on urban roads NAEI analysis of ANPR data Variation in petrol/diesel car mix by region and road type Variation in age distribution for cars, vans and heavy duty trucks by region and road type

Scoping Study on use of Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) data

Benefits of using ANPR data Improved fleet composition data Improved emissions for both AQ and GHG inventories Country-specific inventories for GHG emissions from road transport Improvements to the UK’s National Transport Model and road scheme assessment tools Improvements to Local Authority Air Quality Review and Assessments, Air Quality Action Plans and Local Authority CO 2 inventories

Summary UK road transportation emissions inventory relies on a huge amount of traffic and vehicle data supplied by the UK Department for Transport Continuous improvement of the methodologies used means that the current approach has a high level of accuracy ANPR data can help further improve transportation inventories by providing better resolution at the regional and local level

Sujith Kollamthodi Practice Director – Sustainable Transport Ricardo-AEA Limited The Gemini Building Fermi Avenue Harwell Oxfordshire OX11 0QR United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) E: W: Copyright Ricardo-AEA Ltd This presentation is submitted by Ricardo-AEA. It may not be used for any other purposes, reproduced in whole or in part, nor passed to any organisation or person without the specific permission in writing of the Commercial Manager, Ricardo-AEA Ltd.