Brief Historical Outline of Key Issues in CATHOLIC SOCIAL TEACHING Donal Dorr

1891 Pope Leo XIII: Rerum Novarum (The first Major Social Encyclical): SRONG DEFENCE OF (European) WORKERS against Exploitation of poor (industrial) workers by Uncontrolled Capitalism. Right to Strike But because his fear of Communism, Anarchy and Revolution he gave priority to value of STABILITY over the value of Justice. So “Submit – your reward will be in Heaven”

1931 Pope Pius XI, Quadragesimo Anno: Radical Alternative to Capitalism and Socialism – partly similar to Fascism – Mussolini, Franco, Salazar. Leaning far more to the Right than to the Left : Pope Pius XII: Fear of Communism so settle in practice for “democratic” capitalism; warn against giving undue power to the State. Therefore, hostile to “Welfare State”

: John XXIII, the peasant pope. He realized that in practice CST was being used as an ideology of right-wing politics. So 1961: Mater et Magistra: Radical Change. Welfare State necessary. A Shift to the Left? A move away from the Right Church gets new enemies, new allies; “Mater Si, Magistra no!” “Christians for Socialism”

1965: Vatican II: “Church in Modern World” (GS): Church Willing to Relinquish Privileges so as to be Free to offer Prophetic Challenge. State should take over Latifundia = unused huge tracts of land

1967: Paul VI: Populorum Progressio: Integral Development Global development 1971: Octogesima adveniens: Economic problems require political solutions Inductive (bottom up) approach Subsidiarity: Different areas, need different solutions.

1971: Synod of Bishops: “Justice in the World” – see previous talk 1971: Pope John Paul II: “Redeemer of Humankind” A Christian Humanism: “The Way to God is through humankind” 1981 “On Human Work”:Dialogue with Marxism e.g. about alienation and about struggle 1987 “Concern” (SRS): Solidarity

1990: “Message for World Day of Peace”: A Major Document on Ecology Integrity of Creation But perhaps too much focused on welfare of Human What about Intrinsic Value of Animals, Forests etc?

1991: Centesimus Annus: What was he really saying? Weigel and right-wing USA Catholics interpret the pope as condemning Welfare State and defending capitalism I see him as asking us to go beyond hand-out welfare to empowering the poor

2005: Pope Benedict XVI: Deus Caritas Est: “God is Love” Church’s focus should be mainly on Charity rather than Justice Leave justice to action of lay people in personal capacity. Call for Caritas agencies to focus more on welfare than justice. More power to Vatican Cor Unum than to Caritas Internationalis

2007: Caritas in Veritate, “The Truth in Love” : “Economy of Communion” alongside purely commercial business, as model and challenge. Very important. But continuing serious reservations about Liberation and struggle of the marginalized for justice. Fear of revolution

ROLE OF WOMEN: “Woman’s Place is in the Home” Vatican II 1965: Outside but …. John Paul II: : Equal – reinterpret Scripture But: Nature of Woman, no Ordination Ratzinger-Benedict: Infallible Pope Francis: New approach, but …??

PEACE Traditional: Just War John XXIII: 1963: Human Rights linked to Peace Vatican II: Condemned use of nuclear WMD; omitted liberation struggles Paul VI: Development the new Name for Peace J P II: Condemned Iraq war 2013: Ecology and Peace: Resource war 2013: Peace and Lampedusa

2013: Pope Francis: A Radical New Approach – we Hope and Pray. Consultation Collegiality Role of Women Ecology