TYPES OF DISORDERS - ANXIETY - MOOD

TODAY’S OBJECTIVES Identify the behavioral patterns that psychologists label as anxiety disorders. Explain what causes anxiety disorders. Describe several theories that try to explain mood disorders.

ANXIETY A general state of dread or uneasiness that a person feels in response to a real or imagined danger Intense anxiety may interfere with normal life Most common type of mental illness in the US – Affects nearly 40 million Americans Disorder: involves fears that are uncontrollable, disproportionate to the actual danger and disruptive of ordinary life

ANXIETY DISORDERS Characterized by unrealistic anxiety Feature motor tension (jumpiness), hyperactivity (racing heart, dizziness) and apprehensive expectations and thoughts 5 major types: 1.Generalized anxiety disorder 2.Panic Disorder 3.Phobia Disorder 4.Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder 5.Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

GENERALIZED ANXIETY Different from everyday feelings of anxiety Persistent anxiety for at least six months – Unable to pinpoint reasons for anxiety Nervous most of the time Takes a physical toll – Suffer from fatigue, tension, stomach problems, difficulty sleeping

SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER Also called social phobia Excessive fear of social situations Characterized by extreme self- consciousness Distorted thinking, false beliefs and negative opinions of others disorder

PANIC DISORDER Recurrent, sudden onsets of intense apprehension or terror – Often with no specific cause Physical: chest pains, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a feeling of helplessness Celebrities: Darwin, Kim Basinger Women are twice as likely to suffer than men – Different hormone levels, coping differently shellys-panic-attacks.htm

PHOBIA DISORDERS Irrational, overwhelming persistent fear of an object or situation – Interferes with daily life People go to great lengths to avoid the thing causing the phobia EX: John Madden – fear of flying – Takes a bus to every game Behaviorists: learned phobia – Event happen to make one afraid

COMMON PHOBIAS Acrophobia: fear of high places Aerophobia: fear of flying Arachnophobia: fear of spiders Claustrophobia: fear of enclosed spaces Hydrophobia: fear of water Thanatophobia: Fear of dying

OBSESSIVE – COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD) Anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation Obsession: recurrent thoughts Compulsion: recurrent behaviors – Ritualistic acts that relieve the obsessions (thoughts) Ex: Howie Mandel, Leo Dicaprio, David Beckham

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) Anxiety that develops through exposure to a traumatic event that has overwhelmed one’s ability to cope Symptoms: flashbacks, avoidance, reduced emotions, difficulty w/ memory, impulsive outbursts Battle-with-Post-Traumatic-Stress-Disorder-Video_1

MOOD DISORDERS Psychological disorders in which there is a primary disturbance of MOOD Prolonged emotion that colors the individual's entire emotional state Includes cognitive, behavioral, and physical symptoms 2 main types: depressive, and bipolar disorder

DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS Mood disorder in which one suffers from DEPRESSION – An unrelenting lack of pleasure in life Severity varies Ex: Sheryl Crow, Eric Clapton, Jim Carrey Major Depressive Disorder: involves significant depressive episodes (2 weeks or more)

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER 9 symptoms: – Depressed mood most of the day – Reduced interests in activities – Weight loss or gain – Trouble sleeping – Lethargy – Loss of energy – Feeling of worthless or guilt – Problems thinking or concentrating – Recurrent thoughts of suicide or death – No history of manic episode (euphoric mood) More likely to happen in women

BIPOLAR DISORDER Ups and downs in life take an extreme and often harmful tone Characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania – MANIA: overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state Manic state is followed by depressive episode