Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach – 7 th edition Chapter 18 Speaking for Special Occasions and Purposes This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: · any public performances or display, including transmission of any image over a network; · preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; · any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Steven A. Beebe & Susan J. Beebe

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 “Historians agree that the greatest banquet speech in history was the one by the ancient Greek Philosopher Socrates moments after he drank hemlock. ‘Gack,’ he said, falling face first into his chicken. The other Greeks applauded like crazy.” - Dave Barry

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 The Demand for Special Occasion Speaking Many people asked to speak at events. Famous athletes (Michael Jordan, Lance Armstrong, Tiger Woods). Politicians (Rudi Giuliani, Al Gore, Bill Clinton). People who act (Nicole Kidman, Susan Sarandon, Whoopi Goldberg).

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Public Speaking in the Workplace Organizations need skilled speakers. Group presentations enable team members to share results. Three formats:  Symposium.  Forum.  Panel Discussion.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Public Speaking in the Workplace Planning a Group Presentation Requires coordinated team effort. Involves members knowing task. Requires brainstorming when asked to solve problem. Works better when tasks are divided. Involves group outline. Means picking a presentation approach. Requires rehearsal. Should be audience-centered.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Public Speaking in the Workplace Making a Group Presentation Everyone should know purpose. Include effective presentational aids. Coordinator or moderator can help. Be ready to questions afterwards.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Public Speaking in the Workplace Public Relations Speeches Designed to inform public. Can strengthen alliances with public. Can possibly recommend new policy.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Ceremonial Speaking The Nature of Ceremonial Speaking Kairos: circumstances surrounding reasons to gather. All ceremonies have kairos. People brought together to celebrate, thank, praise or mourn.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Ceremonial Speaking Introductions Provide information on speaker. Examples: featured speaker, or a guest of honor. Focus on:  Making speaker feel welcome.  Revealing appropriate personal information about speaker.  Being brief and accurate.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Ceremonial Speaking Toasts Brief salute for momentous occasion. Examples: wedding, reunion, birth, or business venture. Focus on:  Keeping short.  Providing details if appropriate.  Following context, if impromptu toast.  Not embarrassing others.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Ceremonial Speaking Award Presentations Accompany presenting of award. Be sure to:  Refer to occasion.  Discuss history and significance of award.  Describe recipient’s achievements.  Name award recipient.  Hide identity until last moment, if announcing result for first time.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Ceremonial Speaking Nominations Officially recommend someone for candidacy. Be sure to:  Refer to occasion.  Discuss purpose and significance of office or position.  Explain why you are best qualified for office or position.  Save actual nomination until end.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Ceremonial Speaking Acceptances Giving thanks for award, nomination or honor. Often impromptu. Be sure to:  Thank others.  Explain meaning of recognition.  Explain larger meaning of recognition.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Ceremonial Speaking Keynote Addresses Sets tone for meeting or conference. Emphasizes importance of topic. Motivates listeners to learn and work more. Be sure to:  Be specific.  Give examples listeners can identify with.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Ceremonial Speaking Commencement Addresses Delivered at graduation or commencement ceremony. Praise graduates, families & friends. Be sure to:  Focus on future.  Inspire graduates to reach for new goals.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Ceremonial Speaking Commemorative Addresses & Tributes Celebrate past event, and/or person(s) involved. Somewhat informative. Eventually become persuasive, inspiring listeners to achieve new goals.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Ceremonial Speaking Eulogies Pay tribute to deceased. Create a bridge between living and dead. Be sure to:  Mention achievements of deceased.  Express sense of loss.  Include personal and humorous memories.  Help move listeners beyond sorrow.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 After-Dinner Speaking: Using Humor Effectively Delivered at mealtime meetings. Can entertain or persuade. Involve humor. Sources of humor:  Poke fun at yourself.  Sometimes serious topics. Some topics not appropriate for humor. Ask: “will humor create emotional distress?”

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 After-Dinner Speaking: Using Humor Effectively Humorous Stories Simpler ones are more understood. Try to have variety of humorous material. Remember details.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 After-Dinner Speaking: Using Humor Effectively Humorous Verbal Strategies Plays on words:  Pun: use of double meanings.  Spoonerism: switch initial sounds of word.  Malapropism: mistaken use of word sounding like intended word.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 After-Dinner Speaking: Using Humor Effectively Humorous Verbal Strategies Hyperbole:exaggerates. Understatement: downplays an issue. Verbal Irony:says opposite of what you mean. Wit:relates incident that has unexpected ending.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 After-Dinner Speaking: Using Humor Effectively Humorous Nonverbal Strategies Postures. Gestures. Facial expressions. Voice.