Unit 3 Prosperity, Depression and the New Deal (1919-1941) The Post-World War I period was characterized by economic, social and political turmoil. Post-war prosperity brought about changes to American popular culture. However, economic disruptions growing out the years led to worldwide depression. The United States attempted to deal with the Great Depression through economic programs created by the federal government.

Chapter 3: Social Changes Content Statement: Movements such as the Harlem Renaissance, African-American migration, women’s suffrage and Prohibition all contributed to social change. Expectations for Learning: Describe social changes that came from the Harlem Renaissance, African-American migration, women’s suffrage and Prohibition.

Section 1: The Harlem Renaissance Content Elaboration: The Harlem Renaissance was a celebration of African-American culture and contributed to social change. The themes of African American art and literature gave pride to people of African heritage and increased awareness of the struggles related to intolerance and life in large urban centers. Jazz flourished during the Harlem Renaissance and became an established American music genre.

Popular Culture and the Harlem Renaissance The 1920’s are popularly remembered as a time when people rebelled against decorum and styles. Manners became more relaxed and less formal. Fashion became more comfortable and revealing. Pastimes were deliberately silly and flamboyant. Artists, writers, and musicians experimented with new ideas and styles.

Harlem Renaissance a. An area in New York City called Harlem. b. In Harlem, many African-Americans became great writers, poets, musicians, entertainers, and scholars. d. Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen were famous poets in Harlem.

Langston Hughes Countee Cullen

Music and Dances a. Jazz was creative and energetic and always changing. b. It started in the South c. Some famous jazz artists include: 1. Louis Armstrong 2. Duke Ellington 3. George Gershwin d. New Dances Develop “The Charleston” and “The Hug” became popular.

Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, George Gershwin, and The “Charleston”

Section 2: Women’s Suffrage Content Elaboration: The movement to give women suffrage saw the fruition of its goal with the passage of the 19th Amendment. The change brought more women into the political process, eventually including women running for public office.

19th Amendment Passed in 1920 Women’s suffrage--the right to vote at first, many women did not vote politics/voting seen as the husband’s job votes influenced by their husbands Many more women got involved in the political process, including running for office

Women celebrate the passing of the 19th Amendment

The Flapper Q: What is a flapper? A: A modern young woman who rejected the strict values of the past and advocated more open attitudes toward lifestyle and fashion. flappers symbolized the new freedom of women (19th amendment passed in 1920) short hair cuts, wore short skirts (past the knee), wore makeup and bright red lipstick most women were NOT flappers, but they became the popular image of the 1920’s

Section 3: Prohibition Content Elaboration: Prohibition had mixed results. Establishments that openly sold liquor closed their doors. Prohibition lacked popular support. It further divided the nation along secularist/fundamentalist, rural/urban and modern/traditional lines. It led to speakeasies and increased organized crime. The law was difficult to enforce and was repealed with the 21st amendment.

Prohibition 18th amendment: Prohibited the manufacture, sale or transportation of alcohol everybody broke this law bootleggers and speakeasies organized crime. Ex: Al Capone 21st amendment: repealed the 18th amendment

OGT Multiple Choice The “Flappers” A. cut their hair short B. wore a lot of makeup and red lipstick C. wore short skirts D. all of the above

OGT Multiple Choice The emergence of many great African-American writers, poets, musicians, entertainers, and scholars in the New York City area was known as the A. New York City Renaissance B. Harlem Renaissance C. Black Renaissance D. Manhattan Renaissance

OGT Multiple Choice (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) In 1919 the United States ratified the 18th Amendment, which made the production, selling, and buying of alcoholic beverages illegal. One of the unintended results of Prohibition was that A. people stopped drinking alcohol B. there was less crime because there was less drinking C. there was a growth in organized crime D. alcohol consumption dropped considerably

OGT Multiple Choice (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) During the 19th century women did not hold elected office, while in the twentieth century there was an increase in the number of women holding offices at the local, state, and national levels of government. What was the major reason for this change in women participating in government? A. Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision in 1896 B. Ratification of the 19th Amendment to the Constitution in 1920 C. Election of John F. Kennedy to the presidency in 1960 D. Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

OGT Multiple Choice (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) The presidential election of 1920 was a landmark election in United States history because A. Warren G. Harding was the first Republican to be elected President. B. it was the 1st election in which African-Americans could vote for Pres. C. Woodrow Wilson was the 1st president to be elected to a third term D. it was the first election in which women could vote for president

OGT Multiple Choice (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) Select the decade in which women in the United States got the right to vote: A. 1920’s B. 1940’s C. 1960’s D. 1980’s

OGT Multiple Choice 2005 (Practice Test) How did the U.S. Constitution change as a result of the ratification of the 19th Amendment? A. The right of suffrage was extended to women. B. Freedom of assembly was restricted C. The power of government decreased D. Freedom of the press was strengthened

OGT Multiple Choice Which of the following was not true about the 1920’s? A. Automobiles became very popular B. Women became less independent C. Radios brought news and entertainment D. Young people became attracted to “hot” jazz and fast cars

OGT Multiple Choice The “Roaring Twenties” were characterized by A. jazz music B. speakeasies C. flappers D. all of the above

OGT Extended Response Women received the right to vote in 1920: (4 points) Which amendment gave this right? Describe two reasons why women would want this right. What was one effect of the passing of this amendment.