Ms. Berry Social Studies 6 th Grade

 If you had to divide up our American history into parts so it would be easier to remember, how would you do it?  You may discuss with your group.

 Old Kingdom  Middle Kingdom  New Kingdom

 Also known as the Age of Pyramids  2625 B.C. to 2130 B.C.  Believed that after death they went to live with Amon-Re.  “A staircase to heaven is laid out for him(the pharaoh) so that he may climb to heaven.”

 First built step pyramids  2600 B.C. made pyramids with slanting sides  Built for Pharaoh Khufu  He wanted the largest pyramid ever built for his tomb

 Craft-Workers had very important jobs  Builders, stonecutters, carpenters and artists all took part in tombs and temples  Worked for 10 days and had 1 day of rest

 Women wore long dresses of linen  Men wore short knee-length skirts  Jewelry and make-up and wigs were worn by wealthy

 Usually in charge of the household  Did not have positions in the government  Some were Priestesses  Many were weavers; could earn a lot of money  Allowed to own property and had full legal rights

 Seen as gifts from god  Often seen in artworks playing games such as leapfrog, tug of war, and wrestling  Education started at an early age  Boys learned a trade from their father  Girls learned weaving and how to care for household from their mother  Upper class children were only ones that learned writing, math, and reading.

 What role did women have in Ancient Egypt?  How did it compare to other cultures we have learned about?  What about learning for children? How does it compare to other cultures?

 1980 B.C. to 1630 B.C.  Prior to this there was chaos and civil war.  Dynasty 12 is high point of this time period  Ruler was Pharaoh Amenemhet  Expanded on trade such as gold, ivory, spices, cedar, and pine wood  Distinct social classes were established

 1 st - Pharaoh-thought to be a god  2 nd - Nobles and Priests- owned land and controlled temples  3 rd - Craftworkers, Merchants, Scribes  4 th - Farmers- built during Inundation (flooding)  5 th - Slaves- usually prisoners of war; able to earn freedom

 Pharaoh Sesostris III  Reorganized the government  Created a bureaucracy- a network of appointed government officials  These new governors reported to the Pharaoh’s vizier- advisor to pharaoh  This gave the Pharaoh greater control of the government

 100 years Egypt was controlled by Hyksos  Introduced new weapons to Egypt  Horse drawn chariot and composite bow

 How did the government change during the Middle Kingdom?

 Story of the Egyptian Gods  M2-c M2-c  Let’s share what you learned.

 Pharaoh Ahmose of Dynasty 18 defeated the Hyksos  1520 B.C. to 30 B.C.  Egypt had it’s first full time army  Protected Egypt and conquered lands  Borders were expanded as far as the Euphrates River by Pharaoh Thutmose and his son Thutmose II

 Wife of Pharaoh Thutmose II  Only woman in Egypt to take all titles of Pharaoh  She ruled from 1479 to 1458  She dressed as a Pharaoh and even wore a false beard  Her son, Thutmose III, had many of her statues destroyed after he came to power

 Sent trading expeditions south into Punt (modern day Ethiopia), expanding trade routes  Sent armies into Nubia and Southwestern Asia; conquering farther lands than any other ruler before her

 Pharaoh that followed Hatshepsut  Her stepson  He destroyed all of her statues and wall paintings

 No longer built pyramids  Mummies were now placed in the caves of the Valley of the Kings

 1353 BC  Amenhotep IV came to power  Wife was Nefertiti  Focused on worship of one god- monotheism  So devoted that he changed his name to Akenaton meaning servant of the sun god Aton  Ordered that everyone follow the one god  Destroy other gods and temples

 9 year old boy  Advisors forced him to restore polytheism  Died at age 18  Tomb was discovered completely untouched in 1922 by British archeologist Howard Carter  Took 10 years to remove all the artifacts- 3,500 pieces  Curse of King Tut  Wi6w Wi6w

 730 B.C. – Nubians took control of Egypt for 50 years  Assyrians defeated the Nubians  664 B.C.- Assyrians ruled Egypt for 100 years  332 B.C.- Alexander the Great made Egypt part of his Greek empire  30 B.C.- Romans took control  395 A.D.- Egyptians began to adopt Christian beliefs