SHARES OF CHILDREN AND PARENTS IN LAW OF ISLAMIC INHERITANCE Yeni Salma Barlinti FHUI Depok

النساء : ١١ يُوْصِيْكُمُ اﷲُ فِيْ اَوْلادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِمِثْلُ حَظِّ الاُنْثَيَيْنِۚ فَاِنْكُنَّ نِسٓآءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَۚ وَاِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحٍدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ

SHARES OF CHILDREN QS An Nisa ayat 11: a. God (thus) directs you as regards your children’s (estate): to the male, a portion equal to that of two females b. If only daughters, two or more, their share is two- thirds of the estate c. If only one (daughter), her share is a half

KHI (Compilation of Islamic Law): SHARES OF CHILDREN Article 176 KHI Anak perempuan bila hanya seorang ia mendapat separoh bagian, bila dua orang atau lebih mereka bersama-sama mendapat dua pertiga bagian, dan apabila anak perempuan bersama-sama dengan anak laki-laki, maka bagian anak laki-laki adalah dua berbanding satu dengan anak perempuan.

Position of Children  Son  Always be dzul qarabat (bilateral Hazairin) or asabah binnafsihi (patrilineal Syafi’i)  Daughter  As dzul faraid if there is no son  As dzul qarabat (bilateral Hazairin) or asabah bilghairi (patrilineal Syafi’i) if there is son

How to Distribute Estate 1. Determine the heirs 2. Determine classification of the heirs 3. Count shares for dzul faraid first 4. Count shares for dzul qarabat/ashabah 5. Check  totaling of all shares is 1 6. If the shares are less than the estate (residue)  RADD (return) or If the shares are more than the estate  ‘AWL 7. Recheck  totaling of all shares include radd or ‘awl is 1

Exercise 1 ABCEGDFH MO IJLKN

Exercise 2 CBFKHJ GEDAI 78

النساء : ١١ وَ لاَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ اِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌۚ فَاِنْ لَّمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ وَلَدٌ وَّوَرِثَهُٓ اَبَوَهُ فَلاُِمِّهِ الثُّلُثُۚ فَاِنْ كَانَ لَهُٓ اِخْوَةٌ فَلاُِمِّهِ السُّدُسُ

SHARES OF PARENTS QS An Nisa ayat 11: d. For parents, a sixth shares of the estate to each, if the deceased left children e. If no children, and the parents are the (only) heirs, the mother has a third (and if no brothers or sisters) f. If the deceased left brothers (or sisters) (and no children) the mother has a sixth

SHARES OF MOTHER  Fa-in kaana lahuu ikhwatun fali-ummihi-ssudusu = “ If the deceased left brothers (or sisters) the mother has a sixth ”  System of bilateral inheritance:  Hazairin  ikhwatun means plural (two or more brothers/sisters)  Sajuti Thalib  ikhwatun means one, two or more brothers/sisters  System of patrilineal inheritance:  Ikhwatun means plural (two or more brothers/sisters)  So, if the deceased left one brother or sister, mother has a third  KHI  Article 178 paragraph (1)

KHI: SHARES OF PARENTS Article 177 KHI Ayah mendapat sepertiga bagian bila pewaris tidak meninggalkan anak, bila ada anak, ayah mendapat seperenam bagian. (jo. SEMA No. II Year1994 concerning Definition of Article 177 KHI is father has a third if the deceased no left children but she left husband and mother. If the deceased left children, father has a sixth) Article 178 KHI (1) Ibu mendapat seperenam bagian bila ada anak atau dua saudara atau lebih. Bila tidak ada anak atau dua orang saudara atau lebih, maka ia mendapat sepertiga bagian. (2) Ibu mendapat sepertiga bagian dari sisa sesudah diambil oleh janda atau duda bila bersama-sama dengan ayah.

Position of Father  If the deceased left children, father is dzul faraid  If the deceased left no children, father is dzul qarabat (bilateral Hazairin) or asabah binnafsihi (patrilineal Syafi’i)  Only on system of patrilineal inheritance: if the deceased left a daughter, father is dzul faraid and asabah binnafsihi (Hadis Ibn Abbas)

Position of Mother  Mother is always as dzul farai’d with or without children and/or brothers (sisters)

Exercise 3 A B G H C D E F I

Exercise 4 U T Q J I H O N LMK C B G F ADE PS R

Exercise 5 C B A H G E K J O N U T Q I FD LMPS R

Exercise 6 C B A H G E K J O N U T Q I FD LMPS R

Exercise 7 C B A H 28 C B H 29 C B A 30 C B A 31 H

Tsulutsul Baqi or Garrawain or Umariyatain  Ijtihad Umar bin Khattab: Mother has a third of residue (after taking away the shares of wife or husband), if she is coming together only with father, wife or husband  Aim: father must get more shares than mother  Aplication : SEMA No. II Year1994 only determine shares of father if he is coming together only with mother and husband, and KHI Article 178 paragraph (2)  Ibn Abbas’s opinion is mother has a third of total estate, not residue

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