Greener Trucking 1

The “Trucking Industry” Eclectic Mix of Industries 96% Small Businesses, < 20 Trucks 80+% of Communities Depend Exclusively on Trucks Diesel is Lifeblood

Sources: ATA and Global Insight Freight Tonnage Projections (2006 to 2018) 70% <1% 6% 2% 9% 13% Billions of Tons 2018 Market Share May not equal 100% due to rounding

Fuel Economy Trends – Flat (declined w EPA mandates)

Emission Improvements Year NOx PM 85% Additional 14% 90% Add’l 9%

Who Idles? - Everybody Motor Carriers Emergency Services Utilities Refuse Construction Government Rail & Marine

Why Idle? Driver Comfort/Convenience Safety/Security Congestion/Emergencies Pre-Trip Inspections Engine Warm-Up Cost of Alternative Solutions Productivity

Where Does Most Idling Occur? Travel Centers – Fuel Islands – Parking Areas Motor Carrier Terminals Ports, Border Crossings Government Owned/Operated facilities – Weigh/Inspection Areas – Public Rest Areas – Shipping/Receiving

Gensets – “APUs” Positives: Gensets do it all (APU’s) Ease of operation for drivers.1-.2 gal/hr fuel savings Reduces wear-and-tear on main engine Negatives: High cost ($6-8K).2 gal/hr vs..75gal/hr Added maintenance costs Weight Diesel-powered generators provide cab heating, cooling, electrical, charging and engine heat.

SCTA South Carolina Gears Up for Green Growth A rebate program for SC truck owners for the purchase/installation of APUs. – Rebates of up to 50% of the total costs (not to exceed $4,500 per unit) of each APU. – Approximately $270, was awarded to SCTA by DHEC/EPA to implement the program. – 54 auxiliary power units (APUs) were available. – A total of 7 companies were selected to participate. To date, 50 APUs have been installed and nearly $225,000 in rebates have been issued.

Environmental Benefits of the Program The APUs units awarded will reduce the trucking industry’s carbon footprint. Based on the data compiled for the units installed thus far, it is estimated that the following emission reductions and environmental benefits will be achieved in South Carolina: – Idling Hours:10,840 hours/year – Nitrogen Oxide: 13.3 tons/year – Carbon Dioxide: tons/year – Diesel Fuel: 52,116.2 gallons/year All emission reductions were calculated using the EPA’s Diesel Emission Quantifier with data submitted by participants. All reductions are based on an estimated 80% reduction in idling hours.

Direct-Fired Heaters Positives: Inexpensive ($1K) 3% fuel savings Ease of operation Compact and lightweight.07 gal/hr fuel use Provide more than enough heat in all winter temps Reduces wear on main engine Negatives: Doesn’t address air conditioning needs Drivers leave it on entire time truck is parked Some battery usage Small diesel-fired furnace for heating cab when engine is off.

Cab and Coolant Heaters Positives: Heat both engine & cab Simple to use Compact.1 gal/hr Reduces wear on main engine Inexpensive ($1-$2K) Negatives: Battery power requirements Additional complexity, requires tie-in to engine and heating systems Heat engine coolant keeping engine and cab warm.

Truckstop Electrification Positives: No separate components Pay-as-you-go ($ $1.85/hr) Internet/phone connectivity No fuel consumed No wear on main engine Negatives: 80% of drivers park at or near customer locations, not truckstops or waysides Nationwide infrastructure currently lagging Concern over monopolizing rest areas at expense of competing technologies Off-board heating and cooling solutions. Removable ductwork connects to tractor.

Plug-In Electrification Systems Positives: Provide adequate air conditioning in all temps Easy to use Experience in RV industry makes it a mature product Less wear on main engine Relatively inexpensive Negatives: No national electrification infrastructure Inverter needed Heating, cooling and other appliances extra Offers power for heating, cooling and convenience appliances with a plug-in device.

Engine Shutdown Devices Positive: Inexpensive ($900-$1,200).1 gal/hr fuel savings Installed as a factory option Negative: Sleep deprivation Driver tampering Controls engine start and stop based on set time period, ambient temperature, or other parameters.

Thermal Storage Systems Positives: Lowest cost A/C approach Can be integrated with bunk A/C Mobile solution Very low noise Less wear on main engine Negatives: Capacity, weak performance over 90º F ambient Poor tractor insulation capabilities High driver interface Utilizes existing tractor air conditioning to charge a storage system. Discharged during breaks.

Driver “Technology” Positive: Low Cost Drivers have an option to participate Additional pay for drivers Reinforces correct behavior Negative: Complex, difficult to manage Requires engine recording Negative driver perception Does not eliminate idling Provide incentives through programs to encourage idle reduction where appropriate.

How do we move forward? Government Support: Federal Legislation (Granger/Energy Bill) Weight offsets for idle technologies Support for R&D State/local financing SmartWay EPA model law Industry Support: Driver education Cost effective, integrated solutions Technology neutrality Grant demonstration projects

ATA’s Sustainability Plan 10-year commitment from entire industry to further reduce fuel consumption and cut CO 2 emissions Program includes six key recommendations set out on a dedicated sustainability-focused Web site

Greening the Industry 1.Set a national speed limit of 65 mph for all vehicles and govern truck speeds at 65 mph for trucks manufactured after Decrease idling 3.Increase fuel efficiency by participating in SmartWay SM 4.Reduce congestion through highway improvements 5.Promote more productive truck combinations 6.Support national fuel economy standards