Colonial South Carolina & Florida presented at American History Teaching Grant Seminar November 10, 2006, Gretna, Louisiana ©Prof. Greg O’Brien Department of History University of Southern Mississippi

Colonial South Carolina & Florida Intertwined histories, yet rarely taught that way - language and national barriers Shared experiences and impacts –the advantage of a social history approach –Commonalities: dependency on Indians, dealing with African slaves

Spanish Roots Hernando de Soto expedition, → San Agustín, est –Goal: Military outpost Permanent royal colony to protect fleets and territory Spanish Missions in the South → –Franciscan Missionaries

Spanish Relations with Indians in Florida Efforts to convert Indians to Christianity Guale Revolt, 1597 Apalachee Revolt, 1647 Timucua Revolt, 1656

The English Arrival in Carolina Proprietary Colony –Charles Town, 1670 “Colony of a Colony” –Barbados Goal: profit Early money-making activities: –Ranching –Forest products –Fur trade –Indian Slave Trade Limits of proprietary grants from King of England – note the potential conflict with Spanish claims

Carolina relations with Indians Profits from Indian slaves and deerskins Battle between Carolina Proprietors and Fur Traders = war between Westos and Shawnees, ca Trade relationships with the Yamasees and others Southeastern Indians in the 18 th century

Carolina attacks on Spanish Florida Queen Anne’s War, Attacks led by Carolina Governor James Moore on Spanish missions Goal: captives to sell as slaves Impact: destruction of the Indian missions – diminished Spanish presence – relocation of Native peoples

Carolina: Tuscarora and Yamasee Wars Tuscarora War, –Gov. Moore with Yamasee allies –Captives & slaves –Iroquois League Yamasee War, 1715 –nearly destroys Carolina colony Two Europeans and an African slave captured by the Tuscaroras

Post-1715 Rice plantations and African slavery in Carolina –knowledge from Africa Run-away slaves Fort Mose near San Agustín, est → Slave advertisements, Charles Town, SC, 18 th century

Spanish Florida and Carolina Slavery Stono Rebellion, 1739 –largest slave uprising in mainland colonial British America –tried to get to Fort Mose –Impacts: the “Negro Act” Stricter limits on slave behavior African slaves now a majority of Carolina population Spanish Florida remains a haven for run-away slaves from SC & GA into early 19 th century