The Civil Rights Movement Chapter 28

Brown v. The Board of Education Charles H. Houston – Dean of Howard University Law School Traveled all over the south to gather the evidence that separate was NOT equal Found that for every dollar spent education a black child, $5 dollars was spent on a white child This is NOT equal!

Brown v. The Board of Education In 1954 the case was decided The Supreme Court outlawed racial segregation in schools The case was argued before the Supreme Court by Thurgood Marshall BUT they never decided HOW schools should be desegregated or WHEN

Southern Manifesto Southern representatives in Congress Called the Brown decision a “clear abuse of judicial power” Argued that it increased the power of the federal government

Emmett Till 1955, visiting his uncle Mose Wright in Mississippi Murdered by two white men for allegedly talking to or whistling at a white woman Mr. Wright testified in court that they were the men who took Emmett in the middle of the night (this was VERY brave) The two men were acquitted anyway

Emmett Till The pictures of Emmett’s body attracted a lot of attention around the country The story of the court case and the acquittal made people all over the country angry

Montgomery Bus Boycott In 1955 Mrs. Rosa Parks refused to move on the bus for a white man She was arrested The 50,000 black citizens of Montgomery united behind a boycott of the busses and refused to ride until they were desegregated

Montgomery Bus Boycott The boycott lasted for 11 months It was led by Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. Leaders were arrested and charged with conspiracy Blacks formed car pools and walked everywhere, and the police harassed them Reverend King’s home was bombed

Montgomery Bus Boycott 10,000 white citizens formed the White Citizens Council These councils were formed throughout the south to oppose integration The Supreme Court ruled that segregation on busses was illegal The boycott ended in 1956 and they WON!

Confrontation at Little Rock 1957 – Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus opposed the plan He surrounded the school with the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the black students from entering President Eisenhower sent federal troops to escort the black students for the rest of the school year

Confrontation at Little Rock 1958 – Governor Faubus closed the public schools to prevent integration The Supreme Court ruled that he could not do that 1959 – The schools re-opened peacefully

Lunch-Counter Sit-Ins February 1, 1960 –David Richmond –Franklin McCain –Ezell Blair –Joseph McNeil Went to a whites only lunch-counter in Greensboro They knew that this could get them arrested

Lunch-Counter Sit-Ins The waitress did not serve them They stayed until closing The next day 23 more students joined The day after 66 more students joined By the end of the week 1,000 students were participating! By the end of 1960 there were sit-ins in over 100 southern cities!

Nashville Sit-Ins Led by Diane Nash, age 21 A large protest to city hall When the mayor came out to talk, she asked: “Mayor West, do YOU feel it is wrong to discriminate against a person solely on the basis of their race or color?”

SNCC Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (pronounced snick) Founded by Diane Nash and others who felt that SCLC was too cautious What is SCLC? Southern Christian Leadership Conference, led by Martin Luther King Jr.

Other “Ins” Sleep-ins at all white motels Kneel-ins at all white churches Wade-ins at all white beaches

CORE