 A review of subject pronouns  Subject/verb agreement  The present tense of the two verbs in Spanish that are not interchangeably used to express “being”

 The infinitive verb forms (unconjugated) of the verb “to be” are “ser” and “estar.”  In order to use these verbs in a sentence, they must agree with a subject (must be conjugated).  Verb conjugation requires understanding subject (personal) pronouns.

Singular (one person)  Yo = I  Tú = You (friendly, informal)  Ud. (usted) = You (polite, formal)  Él = He  Ella = She Plural (2 or more people)  Nosotros/Nosotras = We (Anyone + I)  Vosotros/Vosotras = You all (friendly, informal)  Uds. (Ustedes)= You all (friendly and polite)  Ellos = They (all males or males and females)  Ellas = They (all females)

VOSOTROS USTEDES (UDS.) The vosotros plural form is used only in parts of Spain. Latin Americans do not use this.  Tú + Tú = Vosotros  * Vosotras is only used to speak to all females.  In Latin America (and in my class) ustedes (Uds.) is used as the plural form of you in all circumstances. (polite and friendly)  Tú+ Tú= Uds.  Tú + Ud.= Uds.  Ud. + Ud.= Uds.

 In Spanish, there is no subject pronoun stated for “It.”  The subject “It” is implied by using the verb form used for Ud./él/ella without a subject pronoun. Ud. es interesante. You are interesting. Él es interesante. He is interesting. Ella es interestante. She is interesting. Es interesante. It is interesting.

 Yo estoy= I am Nosotros estamos = We  Tú estás = You are Vosotros estáis= You are  Ud. está = You are Uds. están = You are  Él está= He is Ellos están = They are  Ella está = She is Ellas están = They are

 Yo soy = I am Nosotros somos = We are  Tú eres = You are Vosotros sois = You are  Ud. es = You are Uds. son = You are  Él es = He is Ellos son = They are  Ella es = She is Ellas son = They are

ESTARSER  Emotional feelings  Physical feelings (health)  The location of people, places, and things  To form the present progressive tense  With adjectives, to express the temporary state of someone or something  To identify something or someone  To state the time of day  To state the day or date  The state location of an event  To state origin with “de”  To state possession with “de”  To link a subject to a predicate nominative (renaming the subject)  nationality  profession  religion  With adjectives, to state permanent characteristics