IMPROVING VOCABULARY SKILLS Fourth Edition Sherrie L. Nist © 2010 Townsend Press

Unit Three: Chapter 17 • congenial • prone • flippant • rapport • impasse • rationale • perception • relentless • prompt • reprisal Page 92 in textbook.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 congenial – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 congenial – adjective • I was nervous being at a party where I didn’t know anyone, but the other guests were so congenial that I soon felt at ease. • Beware of friendships that begin in Internet chat rooms. People who seem congenial online may be anything but pleasant in real life. Congenial means A. persistent. B. intelligent. C. friendly. Page 92 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer. A congenial expression

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 congenial – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 congenial – adjective • I was nervous being at a party where I didn’t know anyone, but the other guests were so congenial that I soon felt at ease. • Beware of friendships that begin in Internet chat rooms. People who seem congenial online may be anything but pleasant in real life. Congenial means A. persistent. B. intelligent. C. friendly. Page 92 in textbook. If the guests put him or her at ease, they must have been friendly. In the second item, the word pleasant suggests that congenial means “friendly.” A congenial expression

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 flippant – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 flippant – adjective • “Don’t give me a flippant answer,” George’s father told him. “Your financial situation is a serious matter.” • When a teenage boy is asked to clean his room, he’s likely to give a flippant response such as “Why should I? I just cleaned it last month.” Flippant means A. rude. B. serious. C. incorrect. Page 92 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 flippant – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 flippant – adjective • “Don’t give me a flippant answer,” George’s father told him. “Your financial situation is a serious matter.” • When a teenage boy is asked to clean his room, he’s likely to give a flippant response such as “Why should I? I just cleaned it last month.” Flippant means A. rude. B. serious. C. incorrect. Page 92 in textbook. If George’s financial situation is serious, his father would not tolerate a rude answer. The second item includes an example of a rude response.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 impasse – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 impasse – noun • The jurors had reached an impasse. They couldn’t agree on a verdict—some thought the defendant was the murderer, but others were sure he was innocent. • If you think you’ve reached an impasse when trying to solve a problem, take a break. The solution may occur to you while you’re doing something else. Impasse means A. a deadlock. B. a relationship. C. an opportunity. Page 92 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 impasse – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 impasse – noun • The jurors had reached an impasse. They couldn’t agree on a verdict—some thought the defendant was the murderer, but others were sure he was innocent. • If you think you’ve reached an impasse when trying to solve a problem, take a break. The solution may occur to you while you’re doing something else. Impasse means A. a deadlock. B. a relationship. C. an opportunity. Page 92 in textbook. If some jurors think the defendant is guilty and some think he is innocent, they have reached a deadlock. If the solution will not come to you while you are working on the problem, you have reached a deadlock.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 perception – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 perception – noun • Brenda’s perceptions of others are usually accurate. She is a good judge of character. • “Our perceptions of our problem differ,” Tonya explained. “Sam thinks money is the main issue, but I believe it’s a question of who controls the purse strings. Perception means A. a memory. B. a view. C. a desire. Page 92 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 perception – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 perception – noun • Brenda’s perceptions of others are usually accurate. She is a good judge of character. • “Our perceptions of our problem differ,” Tonya explained. “Sam thinks money is the main issue, but I believe it’s a question of who controls the purse strings. Perception means A. a memory. B. a view. C. a desire. Page 92 in textbook. If Brenda is a good judge of character, her view of others must be accurate. Tonya states two different views of what the issue is.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 prompt – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 prompt – verb • To prompt her son Byron to get a job, Mrs. Davis pinned the want ads to his pillow. • Fast-food clerks prompt customers to spend more money by asking such questions as “Would you like cookies or apple pie with that?” Prompt means A. to allow. B. to agree with. C. to encourage. Page 92 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 prompt – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 prompt – verb • To prompt her son Byron to get a job, Mrs. Davis pinned the want ads to his pillow. • Fast-food clerks prompt customers to spend more money by asking such questions as “Would you like cookies or apple pie with that?” Prompt means A. to allow. B. to agree with. C. to encourage. Page 92 in textbook. If Mrs. Davis pinned the want ads to Byron’s pillow, she is encouraging her son to get a job. In the second item, the question gives an example of how the clerks encourage customers to spend more money.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 prone – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 prone – adjective • Mr. Walker is prone to sleep problems, so he limits his intake of caffeine. • Prone to fits of laughter during class, Chris controls himself by chewing on his pen. Prone means A. tending. B. immune. C. attracted. Page 92 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 prone – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 prone – adjective • Mr. Walker is prone to sleep problems, so he limits his intake of caffeine. • Prone to fits of laughter during class, Chris controls himself by chewing on his pen. Prone means A. tending. B. immune. C. attracted. Page 92 in textbook. If Mr. Walker has a tendency to sleep problems, he would limit his intake of caffeine. And if Chris has a tendency to fits of laughter, chewing a pen would be a way to control himself.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 rapport – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 rapport – noun • In high school, I had such good rapport with my gym teacher that our close relationship continues to this day. • If no rapport develops between you and your therapist after a month or two, start looking for a counselor who makes you feel comfortable. Rapport means A. a report. B. a personal connection. C. a financial situation. Page 93 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 rapport – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 rapport – noun • In high school, I had such good rapport with my gym teacher that our close relationship continues to this day. • If no rapport develops between you and your therapist after a month or two, start looking for a counselor who makes you feel comfortable. Rapport means A. a report. B. a personal connection. C. a financial situation. Page 93 in textbook. In the first item, the words close relationship suggest that rapport means “a personal connection.” Having a personal connection with one’s therapist would make one feel comfortable with that counselor.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 rationale – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 rationale – noun • Danielle’s rationale for majoring in business was simple. She said, “I want to make a lot of money.” • The rationale for not lowering the drinking age to 18 is that self-control and good judgment are still being developed at that age. Rationale means A. a situation. B. an explanation. C. a question. Page 93 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 rationale – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 rationale – noun • Danielle’s rationale for majoring in business was simple. She said, “I want to make a lot of money.” • The rationale for not lowering the drinking age to 18 is that self-control and good judgment are still being developed at that age. Rationale means A. a situation. B. an explanation. C. a question. Page 93 in textbook. Danielle’s simple explanation for majoring in business is that she wants to make a lot of money. In the second item, the explanation for not lowering the drinking age is stated.

Relentless waves erode the beach. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 relentless – adjective • The dog’s relentless barking got on my nerves. He barked the entire two hours his owners were out. • In a large city, the noise of crowds and heavy traffic is so relentless that it can be difficult to find peace and quiet. Relentless means A. occasional. B. exciting. C. nonstop. Page 93 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer. Relentless waves erode the beach.

Relentless waves erode the beach. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 relentless – adjective • The dog’s relentless barking got on my nerves. He barked the entire two hours his owners were out. • In a large city, the noise of crowds and heavy traffic is so relentless that it can be difficult to find peace and quiet. Relentless means A. occasional. B. exciting. C. nonstop. Page 93 in textbook. If the dog barked for the entire two hours, he barked nonstop. In the second item, if it is difficult to find peace and quiet, the noise must be nonstop. Relentless waves erode the beach.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 reprisal – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 reprisal – noun • In reprisal for being fired, a troubled man shot several people at the factory where he used to work. • Fear of reprisal may keep children from telling parents or teachers about a bully who has threatened them. Reprisal means A. disrespect. B. revenge. C. delay. Page 93 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 reprisal – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 reprisal – noun • In reprisal for being fired, a troubled man shot several people at the factory where he used to work. • Fear of reprisal may keep children from telling parents or teachers about a bully who has threatened them. Reprisal means A. disrespect. B. revenge. C. delay. Page 93 in textbook. The troubled man shot people in revenge for being fired. In the second item, children may be afraid a bully will seek revenge if they tell on him.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. congenial B. flippant C. impasse D. perception E. prompt F. prone G. rapport H. rationale I. relentless J. reprisal 1. Raquel is _________ to accidents, so her car insurance rates are quite high. 2. You will get along better in life if you are __________ to other people, rather than unpleasant. Page 94 in textbook. Answers: 1. prone; 2. congenial The next slide explains the answers.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. congenial B. flippant C. impasse D. perception E. prompt F. prone G. rapport H. rationale I. relentless J. reprisal 1. Raquel is _________ to accidents, so her car insurance rates are quite high. prone If her car insurance rates are high, she must have a tendency to have accidents. 2. You will get along better in life if you are __________ to other people, rather than unpleasant. congenial Page 94 in textbook. The word unpleasant suggests that congenial means the opposite— “pleasant.”

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. congenial B. flippant C. impasse D. perception E. prompt F. prone G. rapport H. rationale I. relentless J. reprisal 3. My brother hides his lack of confidence by being __________. He rarely treats anything seriously. 4. It took his best friend’s heart attack to __________ my dad to start exercising and eating right. Page 94 in textbook. Answers: 3. flippant; 4. prompt; 5. rapport The next slide explains the answers. 5. There was instant __________ between Duke and Otis. They talked as if they’d known each other for years.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. congenial B. flippant C. impasse D. perception E. prompt F. prone G. rapport H. rationale I. relentless J. reprisal 3. My brother hides his lack of confidence by being __________. He rarely treats anything seriously. flippant The words rarely treats anything seriously suggest that he hides his lack of confidence by being disrespectful and not serious enough. 4. It took his best friend’s heart attack to __________ my dad to start exercising and eating right. prompt Page 94 in textbook. The friend’s heart attack would motivate the dad to improve his lifestyle. 5. There was instant __________ between Duke and Otis. They talked as if they’d known each other for years. rapport If Duke and Otis talked as if they’d known each other for years, there must have been an instant relationship between them.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. congenial B. flippant C. impasse D. perception E. prompt F. prone G. rapport H. rationale I. relentless J. reprisal 6. At the movie’s turning point, the bad guys reached a(n) _______. On one side of them was the police; on the other was a steep cliff. 7. When Lacey and John divorced, she tried to get over half his income. In __________, he tried not to give her any of his income at all. Page 94 in textbook. Answers: 6. impasse; 7. relentless The next slide explains the answers.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. congenial B. flippant C. impasse D. perception E. prompt F. prone G. rapport H. rationale I. relentless J. reprisal 6. At the movie’s turning point, the bad guys reached an __________. On one side of them was the police; on the other was a steep cliff. impasse The criminals are in a situation with no way out. 7. When Lacey and John divorced, she tried to get over half his income. In __________, he tried not to give her any of his income at all. reprisal Page 94 in textbook. As payback for Lacey’s trying to get too much money, John would try to avoid giving her any money.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. congenial B. flippant C. impasse D. perception E. prompt F. prone G. rapport H. rationale I. relentless J. reprisal 8. Floyd’s __________ of human nature is strongly colored by some bad experiences. He thinks everyone is basically selfish. 9. During April and May, the rain was so __________ that we thought we might have to start building an ark. Page 94 in textbook. Answers: 8. perception; 9. reprisal; 10. rationale The next slide explains the answers. 10. The __________ behind encouraging pregnant women to gain about twenty-five pounds is that low weight gain can lead to dangerously low birth weights.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. congenial B. flippant C. impasse D. perception E. prompt F. prone G. rapport H. rationale I. relentless J. reprisal 8. Floyd’s __________ of human nature is strongly colored by some bad experiences. He thinks everyone is basically selfish. perception Bad experiences would color one’s impression of human nature. 9. During April and May, the rain was so __________ that we thought we might have to start building an ark. relentless Page 94 in textbook. If they thought they might need an ark, the rains must have been persistent. 10. The __________ behind encouraging pregnant women to gain about twenty-five pounds is that low weight gain can lead to dangerously low birth weights. rationale The danger of a pregnant woman’s low weight is the logical basis for encouraging her to gain weight.