Day 3, 4 and 5

After your internship: 1. The Internship Report 2. Thank You -letter

The Internship Report Every student has to write an internship report of about 5 pages after his/her internship. It should contain the following aspects: Information about the organization the students was working for How did you the student find the internship? Why did the students apply especially at this organisation? What duties did the student have during the internship? Did he/she have his/her own field of responsibility? What kind of work did the student do? "Theory-Practice-Reflection": How did the knowledge the students gained in their studies help them during the internship? How do the things they learned during their internship help them now in their studies? Conclusion: Would the student recommend his/her internship to other students?

The Internship Report The internship report should be handed in as soon as possible after the internship is finished Students, who do not hand in their internship reports on time, will not get the Diploma Supplement from Bielefeld University. The internship reports are collected in a special folder that is standing in one of the shelves in R. 307 and is available for all MA students.

Thank You letter Thank you letters should be written to everyone with whom you interview within 1-2 days of your interview. Effective thank you letters: Thank the interviewer for the time they invested in your interview; Reference some aspect of your interview or qualifications that was of particular interest or importance to that interviewer, Reinforce your qualifications for the position, and Express your continued interest in the position. Thank you letters should NOT exceed one page.

The Job Interview

The Job Interview Examples of typical interview questions How would you describe yourself? Please name 3 strong and 3 weak points of your personality. What specific goals, including those related to your occupation, have you established for your life? Please describe the ideal job for you following graduation. What influenced you to choose this career? What specific goals have you established for your career? What will it take to attain your goals, and what steps have you taken toward attaining them? How do you determine or evaluate success? Give me an example of one of your successful accomplishments. Do you have the qualifications and personal characteristics necessary for success in your chosen career?

How would you describe yourself in terms of your ability to work as a member of a team? Given the investment our company will make in hiring and training you, can you give us a reason to hire you? Would you describe yourself as goal-driven? What short-term goals and objectives have you established for yourself? What do you expect to be doing in five years? How would you evaluate your ability to deal with conflict? Would you say that you can easily deal with high-pressure situations? How will the academic program you've taken benefit your career? Which college classes or subjects did you like best? Why?

Describe the type of professor that has created the most beneficial learning experience for you. Do you think that your grades are an indication of your academic achievement? What plans do you have for continued study? An advanced degree? Before you can make a productive contribution to the company, what degree of training do you feel you will require? Tell me what you know about our company. Why did you decide to seek a position in this company? Which is more important to you, the job itself or your salary? Describe a situation in which you were able to use persuasion to successfully convince someone to see things your way?

Give me a specific example of a time when you used good judgment and logic in solving a problem. By providing examples, convince me that you can adapt to a wide variety of people, situations and environments. Describe a time when you were faced with problems or stresses that tested your coping skills. Give an example of a time in which you had to be relatively quick in coming to a decision. Give me a specific occasion in which you conformed to a policy with which you did not agree. Give me an example of an important goal which you had set in the past and tell me about your success in reaching it. Give an example of how you applied knowledge from previous coursework to a project in another class.

Describe a situation where others you were working with on a project disagreed with your ideas. What did you do? Tell of some situations in which you have had to adjust quickly to changes over which you had no control. What was the impact of the change on you? How do you determine priorities in scheduling your time? Give examples. What has been your experience in giving presentations? What has been your most successful experience in speech making? Give an example of when you had to work with someone who was difficult to get along with. Why was this person difficult? How did you handle that person? What is the biggest mistake you've made?

Mind Maps in Presentations The Benefits of Using Mind Maps to Present Ideas Mind maps are usually used dynamically, when brainstorming, note- taking, and planning, to record and organize ideas as part of a creative process (We recommend you use mind maps as the first step to creating your presentations). Find out how here [link to ppt planning PDF]. They also make a great visual for communicating the results. Often, you will have to present ideas, tasks, and initiatives supporting a central project or concept. Mind maps are an excellent way to visualize and communicate such relationships. A mind map, or a series of mind maps that drill down on major topics, helps you present details while keeping the complete context or structure in view. This aids audience comprehension and increases interaction compared to a text or bullet list.

Mind Maps in Presentations How to Create a Mind Map Creating a mind map is simple. Just start with a central topic or idea. Let’s use the example of presenting a marketing communications plan. Place a box in the center of your page and label it with the idea. Then add the main topics connected around the central idea. These are the next level of hierarchy or outline.

June 28 th – July 1 st 2006 Benefits of Mindmaps Visual Hierarchical Easy to connect “distant ideas” Like an outline Brain dump first, then easy to rearrange ideas

June 28 th – July 1 st 2006 Mindmap Parts What constitutes a Mindmap? Center word and image Branches Sub-branches – less important info Single keywords Images and color

June 28 th – July 1 st 2006 How to create a Mindmap Paper on side (landscape) Draw Central image Add key words and branch lines Add sub-branches, associate ideas Print Add emphasis

June 28 th – July 1 st 2006 Key words One word! Forces you to think before you write

Communicating across Cultures The Nonverbal Dimension Communicating across Cultures The Nonverbal Dimension

1.Helps convey feelings and emotional states 2.Elaborates on verbal messages 3.Governs the timing and turn taking between communicators Concerns: 1, Same nonverbal cue carries different meanings in different cultures 2.Different nonverbal cues carry the same meaning in different cultures 1.Helps convey feelings and emotional states 2.Elaborates on verbal messages 3.Governs the timing and turn taking between communicators Concerns: 1, Same nonverbal cue carries different meanings in different cultures 2.Different nonverbal cues carry the same meaning in different cultures Function of Nonverbal Communication

1.Facial expressions (smiles, frowns) 2.Hand gestures 3.Posture 4.Touching 5.Scents or smells (perfume) 6.Color symbolism 7.Clothing, hairstyles, cosmetics 8.Artifacts (jewelry, fly whisks) 9.Graphic symbols 10.Silence 1.Facial expressions (smiles, frowns) 2.Hand gestures 3.Posture 4.Touching 5.Scents or smells (perfume) 6.Color symbolism 7.Clothing, hairstyles, cosmetics 8.Artifacts (jewelry, fly whisks) 9.Graphic symbols 10.Silence Nonverbal Cues

Touching – U.S. vs. Latin America Space – U.S. vs. Japan Queues: U.S. vs. China vs. Britain vs. Japan Dress – U.S. vs. Europe vs. Japan Silence – U.S.: a gap that must be filled - Japan – preferable to conversation Touching – U.S. vs. Latin America Space – U.S. vs. Japan Queues: U.S. vs. China vs. Britain vs. Japan Dress – U.S. vs. Europe vs. Japan Silence – U.S.: a gap that must be filled - Japan – preferable to conversation Non- verbal Language

Eye Contact: intermittent in U.S., Intense, Unbroken in Arab countries, Very little in Japan Para Language: um, er, ah, hai Smiling, Head movements: Bulgaria, India Arm Movements: Italy vs. Japan Posture: U.S. vs. China Handshakes Eye Contact: intermittent in U.S., Intense, Unbroken in Arab countries, Very little in Japan Para Language: um, er, ah, hai Smiling, Head movements: Bulgaria, India Arm Movements: Italy vs. Japan Posture: U.S. vs. China Handshakes Nonverbal Language

Stereotyping - assuming that all have same attributes Language - literal or poor understanding Kinesic behavior - posture, gesture, facial expression, eye contact Oculesics - behavior of the eye during communication Proxemics - effect of proximity and space Paralanguage - how something is said Time – mono-chronic or poly-chronic Context - in which the communication takes place Stereotyping - assuming that all have same attributes Language - literal or poor understanding Kinesic behavior - posture, gesture, facial expression, eye contact Oculesics - behavior of the eye during communication Proxemics - effect of proximity and space Paralanguage - how something is said Time – mono-chronic or poly-chronic Context - in which the communication takes place Cultural Variables

Distance preferred by middle class US: Intimate distance - body contact to 18” Personal distance -18” to 4 feet Social distance - 4 feet to 12 feet Public distance- 12 to 20 feet Distance preferred by middle class US: Intimate distance - body contact to 18” Personal distance -18” to 4 feet Social distance - 4 feet to 12 feet Public distance- 12 to 20 feet Proxemics

Develop cultural sensitivity - be aware of self and the other! Careful encoding - use proper words, gestures Selective transmission - use proper medium Careful decoding of feedback - careful interpretation of message Seek feedback - ask, verify, follow-up Develop cultural sensitivity - be aware of self and the other! Careful encoding - use proper words, gestures Selective transmission - use proper medium Careful decoding of feedback - careful interpretation of message Seek feedback - ask, verify, follow-up How to Manage Communication Effectively

“When you shake hands, look them straight In the eye and give ‘em a good firm grip” Asia Mid East: gentle handshake Mexico/Latin America: palm slip/grasp thumb Never shake hands with a woman in the Middle East and parts of India Staring at someone is intimidating and disrespectful in many areas of the world, especially Japan Slight bows are appreciated in Asia Presenting business cards? “When you shake hands, look them straight In the eye and give ‘em a good firm grip” Asia Mid East: gentle handshake Mexico/Latin America: palm slip/grasp thumb Never shake hands with a woman in the Middle East and parts of India Staring at someone is intimidating and disrespectful in many areas of the world, especially Japan Slight bows are appreciated in Asia Presenting business cards? Greetings

Touch: Middle East, Latin America, Italy, Greece, Spain/Portugal, Russia Don’t Touch: Japan, U.S., England, Scandinavia, Northern Europe, Australia Middle Ground: France, China, India Touch: Middle East, Latin America, Italy, Greece, Spain/Portugal, Russia Don’t Touch: Japan, U.S., England, Scandinavia, Northern Europe, Australia Middle Ground: France, China, India Touching

Where to place hands when eating? US: Beneath table Europe: On top of table Eyes: “Closed” in Japan indicates concentration Eyelid pull in France and England Arms: Folded arms – universal defensive posture Hands on hip – aggressiveness in Asia, along with finger pointing Feet: Remove shoes in Japan, India, Asia Do not show the soles of shoes in the Middle East Where to place hands when eating? US: Beneath table Europe: On top of table Eyes: “Closed” in Japan indicates concentration Eyelid pull in France and England Arms: Folded arms – universal defensive posture Hands on hip – aggressiveness in Asia, along with finger pointing Feet: Remove shoes in Japan, India, Asia Do not show the soles of shoes in the Middle East Hands/Eyes/Arms/Feet

1. Basic Courtesies and dining etiquette 2. Simple hand gestures 3. Spacing 4. Rude or hostile signs 5. Waiting in line 6. Shaking Head 7. Nodding Head 8. Waving 9. Handshake 10. Hellos and Good-bye Canada 1. It is polite to maintain good eye contact. Men rise when women enter the room. It is considered bad manners to eat while on the street. 2. No excessive gesturing. 3. People stand about a half-meter apart when conversing. 7. Women greet with a slight nod. 9. Men greet with a firm handshake. UNITED STATES 1. Direct eye contact in social and business settings is very important. Gaps in conversation are uncomfortable. While dining, left hand is placed in lap, and right hand is used to eat with. Wrists are permitted on the table (while at a meal), but elbows are not. 2. By either raising the index finger or the hand (facing palm up) and waggling the finger(s) back toward the body means to beckon for someone. 4. Insulting gestures are the middle finger trust and forearm jerk. 5. Lines are treated with respect. 8. Extending the arm, palm facing down and waving the hand up a down at the wrist joint. A variation is to raise the arm, palm outward, and move the whole arm and hand back and forth. 9. It is proper to use a firm handshake with direct eye contact. 10. Women may briefly hug other women, and men may quickly kiss the cheek of a woman

1. Basic Courtesies and dining etiquette 2. Simple hand gestures 3. Spacing 4. Rude or hostile signs 5. Waiting in line 6. Shaking Head 7. Nodding Head 8. Waving 9. Handshake 10. Hellos and Good-bye ENGLAND 1. To signal a waiter for the bill, make a motion with both hands of signing your name on a paper. Privacy is very important; do not stare. Tipping at bars is rare. 4. Loud behavior is considered rude. The victory sign with your palm facing in is considered vulgar. 5. Never cut in line. FRANCE 1. Business cards are often exchanged. Signal a waiter by tipping your head back and saying Monsieur. Catch a taxi by snapping your fingers. Eat sandwiches and fruit with a knife and fork. 2. The ok sign means, zero. To indicate someone is drunk, form a circle with your thumb and forefinger and place it over your nose. Playing a pretend flute says that another is being loud and annoying. 4. Chewing gum, yawning, scratching, having loud conversations, and resting feet on furniture are all considered rude. To express disapproval of anothers driving, raise your hand in the air, fingers up, and rotate your hand back and forth. To make a vulgar gesture, snap the fingers of both hands, or slap an open palm over a closed fist. 9. Light and quick handshake; women offer hand first.

1. Basic Courtesies and dining etiquette 2. Simple hand gestures 3. Spacing 4. Rude or hostile signs 5. Waiting in line 6. Shaking Head 7. Nodding Head 8. Waving 9. Handshake 10. Hellos and Good-bye GERMANY 1. Always knock before opening a closed door. Do not chew gum while speaking. Men walk either to the left of or on the side closer to the street traffic of women. 2. Clasp your hands together and raise them above your head to show appreciation. The thumbs up sign means one. 8. Moving your hand back and forth means no. 9. It is improper to shake someones hand with their other hand in their pocket. 10. Lightly tap knuckles on table to greet a large number of people at a table. To say goodbye, raise your hand upward, with your palm out and wave your fingers up and down. SPAIN 1. It is proper for men to cross their legs; it is considered unfeminine for women to. Eye contact may denote romantic interest. 2. Stretch your arm out, with your palm downward, and make a scratching motion toward your body with the fingers to beckon for someone. 4. The ok sign is obscene. 9. Men and women always shake hands. 10. Both men and women use the abrazo to greet; women may accompany that with a check kiss.