What is ‘e-Safety’? Behaviour Enjoyment Awareness Information Consequences Behaviour - Knowing how to behave in a positive way when using digital and mobile technologies Enjoyment - the opportunities and experiences that new technologies bring – in a safe way Awareness - Being aware of the issues and dangers Information - Knowing how to keep personal information safe Consequences - Thinking through the consequences of online behaviours

How do our children connect?

For our young people, the technology isn’t a novelty, it’s a way of life. Communication texting, email, chat rooms, IM, blogs, social networks, Skype Entertainment films, downloading music, playing games, Education research, word processing, modelling, design, creativity, recording thoughts Personal management contacts, alarm clock, reminders Shopping All at the same time!

What risks should we be guarding against? Content (child as recipient) Commercial Adverts Spam Aggressive Violent / hateful content Personal Inappropriate images or videos Values Bias Racist * Misleading info or advice

What risks should we be guarding against? Contact (child as participant) Commercial Tracking Personal information Aggressive Being bullied, harassed or stalked Personal Meeting strangers Being groomed Values Self harm Unwelcome persuasions Cyberbullying may be the biggest issue for your school but it’s easier for adults to collect evidence about the bullying, from texts, emails or from monitoring software. It’s important that all relevant policies (e.g. behaviour, bullying) include reference to cyberbullying.

What risks should we be guarding against? Conduct (child as instigator) Commercial Illegal downloading Aggressive Bullying or harassing another person Personal Creating and uploading inappropriate material Values Providing misleading info or advice

What is Cyberbullying, exactly? Cyberbullying is when a person or a group of people uses the internet, mobile phones, online games or any other kind of digital technology to threaten, tease, upset or humiliate someone else. Childline Source: http://www.childline.org.uk/Explore/Bullying/Pages/CyberBullying.aspx Repetitive Systematic over a period of time Cyberbullying is mentioned many times in the Ofsted framework and there can be no doubt that inspectors will ask you, your pupils and parents about it. They will be particularly interested to know how you teach, respond to and record instances of cyberbullying. So, make sure you have a policy on this and that everyone in school knows the procedures involved. Ideally this will sit within your behaviour and anti-bullying policies, but also needs cross referencing to your e-safety policy.

Cyberbullying Methods Text messages Pictures or video Phone calls Email Chatrooms and IM Social Networks Websites Text messages these usually take the form of messages that are threatening, offensive or persistent. The victim may not know the identity of the bully, as they could be using a ‘pay-as-you-go’ phone, making it difficult to trace Picture/video clips via mobile phone cameras images that are captured and sent to others to make the victim feel threatened or embarrassed. One form of this is ‘happy slapping’, where physical assaults are filmed then shared. Mobile phone calls victims are bombarded with abusive messages their phones are stolen and used to send abusive messages to their contacts persistent, numerous, or silent calls, causing the victim distress Emails it’s easy to set up multiple email accounts which can be used to send threatening or bullying emails hacking the victim’s email account and sending abusive emails to their contacts Chatrooms can become a forum for targeting victims can involve numerous people who can ‘gang-up’ on the victim not just online social chatrooms – also included in online games and virtual worlds such as Second Life, Bebo etc Instant messaging can include menacing or abusive comments can include groups of people ganging up on one target Social networking sites without appropriate security settings, these can be used to spread gossip and rumours not just young people – teachers and schools have been targeted too the victim’s account can be hacked, allowing the bullies to post abusive comments, which look as thought they have been posted by he victim (Fraped = facebook raped – someone else logging in as you) abusive comments about celebrities e.g. Tom Daley - http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-19072301 Websites bullies can set up defamatory websites and blogs featuring the victim teachers have also been victims (Rate my Teacher – a website where pupils can make comments about teachers, and they sometimes make derogatory comments) celebrities have been victims of these: Celebrity Big Brother winner and Loose Woman Denise Welch revealed she has reported internet “trolls” who told her to kill herself, to police. Kylie Minogue has also reported an online stalker to cops after receiving death threats via twitter at the hands of a “deluded weirdo”. Cher Lloyd spoke out on Panorama about being the target of internet bullies

What's different about cyberbullying? 24/7 Large audience It can start off as unintentional Type of ‘bully’ 24/7 - It can occur at any time of day, anywhere – the victim can even receive bullying messages or materials at home Audience - The audience to the bullying can be large and reached very quickly and easily if messages are passed around or things are posted online Unintentional - because they are not face to face, people may not think about the consequences of sending messages or images Type of bully – the bullied child who has found a medium that they are good at – becomes the bully

Am I a Cyberbully? Sent a social media message using someone else’s account? Teased or frightened someone by text? Forwarded a private text without the permission of the other person? Posted pictures or information about someone without their consent? Sent rude or scary things to someone, even if you were just joking? Used someone else’s password for any reason without their permission? Posted rude things or lies about someone online? Are you a cyberbully? This is an exercise that you can do with pupils. But think.......is there anything on this list YOU’VE ever done...? Adapted from STOP Cyberbullying: http://www.stopcyberbullying.org/tweens/are_you_a_cyberbully.html Is there a little bit of the cyberbully in all of us.....?

Some Cyberbullying statistics More than 25% of 10 to 11 year olds have had a nasty or unpleasant online. 39% aged 10 to 11 and 77% aged 12 to 13 use Social Media Cyberbullying peaks at age 14 to 15 92% use Social Media Adherence to and approval of e-safety advice is at its lowest at age 14 to 15 Taken from Adrienne Katz’s book, based on The Cybersurvey The Cybersurvey is an online tool used to gather information from young people on cyberbullying and e-safety education. To date, 9,290 young people have taken part, and 8 city councils have been involved

Nearly a third of British 11-16 year-olds say they have been targeted by mean or cruel behaviour online in the last year, but nearly two-thirds say they feel able to cope with online negativity. 63% of those surveyed saying they are closer to their friends because of the internet, and 55% seeing kind, positive and supportive posts all or most of the time on social networks and messaging apps. 13% of 11-16 year-olds feel that people post negative, mean, critical or upsetting things all or most of the time on these services, while one in 20 said they feel that people are mean to them “most of the time” online.

26% of British 11-16 year-olds use six or more social networks and messaging apps every week. The most popular individual services are YouTube and Facebook, used by 78% and 74% of this age group respectively. They’re followed by Snapchat (46%), Instagram (43%), Twitter and WhatsApp (both 37%) and Skype and Minecraft (both 32%). Many children are taking action on these services when they encounter negativity. Of those who have experienced mean behaviour, 75% have blocked another user; 68% have supported someone who was being targeted, and 74% have stood up to a culprit.

Why do we need to take action? Schools have a duty of care HMiE School Inspections The Byron Review - "Safer Children in a Digital World“ - 2007 “...in all schools action is taken at a whole-school level to ensure that e-safety is mainstreamed throughout the school’s teaching, learning and other practices. In particular I recommend that: 100% of schools should have Acceptable Use Policies that are regularly reviewed, monitored and agreed with teachers and students.” • Schools have a duty of care and must ensure they are able to safeguard children, young people and staff. In most cases, the misuse of ICT is not serious and can be dealt with at classroom level. In rare cases children can be in serious danger. Staff are also susceptible to risks, as is the integrity of the whole school community. • The Byron Review has called on Ofsted to take various steps to hold schools to account for their performance in e-safety. All schools will need to actively monitor the impact of their e-safety policies. e-safety is a child safety – not an ICT – issue!

Social Media What does your school e-safety policy say about using these sites with pupils and parents? Be specific about acceptable professional behaviour

Sites and Apps that your children are using. Twitter is a microblogging site that allows users to post brief, 140-character messages -- called "tweets" -- and follow other users' activities. Why it's popular Children like using it to share quick information about their lives with friends. It's also great for keeping up with what's going on in the world -- breaking news, celebrity gossip, etc. What parents need to know Public tweets are the norm for children. Though you can choose to keep your tweets private, most teens report having public accounts. Talk to your kids about what they post and how a post can spread far and fast. Updates appear immediately. Even though you can remove tweets, your followers can still read what you wrote until it's gone. This can get children in trouble if they say something in the heat of the moment. It's a promotional tool for celebs. Twitter reels children in with behind-the-scenes access to celebrities' lives, adding a whole new dimension to celebrity worship. You may want to point out how much marketing strategy goes into the tweets of those they admire.

Snapchat is a messaging app that lets users put a time limit on the pictures and videos they send before they disappear. Why it's popular Snapchat's creators intended the app's fleeting images to be a way for users to share fun, light moments without the risk of having them go public. And that's what most children use it for: sending embarrassing photos to one another. Snapchats also seem to send and load much "faster" than email or text. What parents need to know It's a myth that Snapchats go away forever. Data is data: Whenever an image is sent, it never truly goes away. (For example, the person on the receiving end can take a screenshot of the image before it disappears.) Snapchats can even be recovered. It can make messaging of any nature seem OK. The seemingly risk-free messaging might encourage users to share pictures containing inappropriate content.

Instagram is a platform that lets users snap, edit, and share photos and 15-second videos -- either publicly or with a network of followers. Why it's popular Instagram unites the most popular features of social media sites: sharing, seeing, and commenting on photos. Instagram also lets you apply fun filters and effects to your photos, making them look high-quality and artistic. What parents need to know Children are on the lookout for "Likes." Similar to Facebook, children may measure the "success" of their photos - even their self-worth - by the number of likes or comments they receive. Public photos are the default. Photos and videos shared on Instagram are public unless privacy settings are adjusted. Hashtags and location info can make photos even more visible to communities beyond a child’s followers if his or her account is public.  Private messaging is now an option. Instagram Direct allows users to send "private messages" to up to 15 mutual friends. These pics don't show up on their public feeds. Although there's nothing wrong with group chat, children may be more likely to share inappropriate things with their inner circles. Also, strangers can send private messages to users; children then choose to open the message and view or discard the attached picture. Mature content can slip in. The terms of service specify that users should be at least 13 years old and shouldn't post inappropriate photos - but they don't address violence, swear words, or drugs.

Tumblr is like a cross between a blog and Twitter: It's a streaming scrapbook of text, photos, and/or videos and audio clips. Why it's popular Many children have tumblrs for personal use -- sharing photos, videos, musings, and things they find funny with their friends. What parents need to know Inappropriate content is easy to find. This online hangout is creative but inappropriate images and videos, depictions of violence, self-harm, drug use, and offensive language are easily searchable. Privacy can be guarded, but only through an awkward workaround. The first profile a member creates is public and viewable by anyone on the Internet. Members who desire full privacy have to create a second profile, which they're able to password protect. Posts are often copied and shared. Reblogging on Tumblr is similar to re-tweeting: A post that's reblogged from one account then appears on another. Many children like and in fact, want their posts shared.

Vine is a social media app that lets users post and watch looping six-second video clips. This Twitter-owned service has developed a unique community of people who post videos that are often creative and funny -- and sometimes thought-provoking. Why it's popular Children usually use Vine to create and share silly videos of themselves and/or their friends and family. What parents need to know It's full of inappropriate videos. There is a lot of funny, clever expression on Vine, but much of it isn't appropriate for children. There are significant privacy concerns. The videos you post, the accounts you follow, and the comments you make on videos are all public by default. But you can adjust your settings to protect your posts; only followers will see them, and you have to approve new followers. Parents can be star performers (without knowing). If your children film you being silly, you may want to talk about whether they plan to share it.

KIK Messenger is an app-based alternative to standard texting that kids use for social networking. Why it's popular It's fast and has no message limits, character limits, or fees if you just use the basic features, making it decidedly more fun in many ways than standard ways of texting. What parents need to know The app encourages new registrants to invite everyone in their phone's address book to join Kik, since users can only message those who also have the app. There's some stranger danger. The app allows communication with strangers who share their Kik usernames to find people to chat with. There's also a Kik community blog where users can submit photos of themselves and screenshots of messages (sometimes displaying users' full names). It uses real names. Children’s usernames identify them on Kik, so they shouldn't use their full real name as their username.

WhatsApp lets users send text messages, audio messages, videos, and photos to one or many people with no message limits or fees. Why it's popular The price is right; for children who have a hard time keeping within the limits of a standard texting plan, the ability to send unlimited messages for free is a definite bonus. What parents need to know It's for users 16 and over. Lots of younger teens seem to be using the app, but this age minimum has been set by WhatsApp. It can be pushy. After you sign up, it automatically connects you to all thepeople in your address book who also are using WhatsApp. Beyond that, the app often encourages you to add friends who haven't yet signed up. Children may need some limits. Unlimited texting may save you money, capping communication is still vitally important.

Oovoo is a free video, voice, and messaging app Oovoo is a free video, voice, and messaging app. Users can have group chats with up to 12 people for free. Why it's popular Children mostly use Oovoo to hang out with friends. Many log on after school and keep it up while doing homework. Oovoo can be great for group studying and it makes it easy for children to receive "face to face" homework help from classmates. What parents need to know You can only chat with approved friends. Users can only communicate with those on their approved "contact list," which can help ease parents' safety concerns. It can be distracting. Because the service makes video chatting so affordable and accessible, it can also be addictive. Children still prefer in-person communication. Though apps like Oovoo make it easier than ever to video chat with friends, research shows that children still value face-to-face conversations over online ones especially when it comes to sensitive topics. Still, they sometimes find it hard to log off when all of their friends are on.

Omegle is a chat site (and app) that puts two strangers together in their choice of a text chat or video chat room. Why it's popular Being anonymous can be very attractive to children, and Omegle provides a no-fuss opportunity to make connections. Its "interest boxes" also let users filter potential chat partners by shared interests. What parents need to know Users get paired up with strangers. That's the whole premise of the app. And there is no registration required. This is NOT an app for kids and teens. Omegle is filled with people searching for inappropriate chat. Language is a big issue. Since the chats are anonymous, they're often much more explicit than those with a user who can be identified.

XBox Live is more than just a gaming site XBox Live is more than just a gaming site. Xbox LIVE users can chat with each other, send and receive friend requests, and share their profile and gaming stats. What parents need to know Gamertags need to be chosen wisely. Never let your child use part of their name, hometown, or other identifying information in their gamertag. Profiles follow the child, not the console. A child can still access all his Xbox LIVE information from a friend's house. Children can play games with strangers. Xbox LIVE has a “matchmaking” feature to help your child connect with gamers who have certain gamerscores or live in a certain location. People can privately chat with each other. Up to 8 people can play and talk all at once, but two of them can pair off and talk privately if they want to.

You can make your permission mandatory You can make your permission mandatory. Through console controls, you can require your permission for your child to send and receive friend requests, accept game or chat invites, or buy Xbox merchandise. You can block who your child hears. You can choose “everyone,” “friends,” or “no one.” Parents are required to help their children set up an account. If your under-18 child has an account and you didn't help set it up, he or she is registered as an adult. Default settings vary by age. Child and teen accounts are mostly “friends only” by default and some features are blocked, but adult profiles are public and have full access to all features. Deactivating Xbox LIVE doesn't cancel the child's account. On the Xbox console there is a setting to disallow Xbox LIVE access from that console – but your child can still access it on others unless you cancel his account. Remember that the Xbox LIVE is more than just a video game, it's a social gaming universe. Always use the same Internet safety cautions as you would on any other social networking site, and if at all possible, sign up yourself and spend time playing with your child, too.

Let’s look at some resources

http://ceop.police.uk/ http://www.thinkuknow.co.uk/ https://www.net-aware.org.uk/ http://www.saferinternet.org.uk/ http://nobullying.com https://www.commonsensemedia.org/ http://glow.rmunify.com CEOP: The Child Exploitation and Online Protection (CEOP) Centre is dedicated to eradicating the sexual abuse of children. The website contains useful information about e-safety. Think U Know: Find the latest information on the sites you like to visit, mobiles and new technology. Find out what’s good, what’s not and what you can do about it. If you look after young people there’s an area for you too – with resources you can use in the classroom, at home or just to get with it. Most importantly, there’s also a place which anyone can use to report if they feel uncomfortable or worried about someone they are chatting to online. Also contains information about the CEOP Ambassador course. BeatBullying: BeatBullying works with children and young people across the UK to stop bullying. We empower young people so deeply affected by bullying that they can barely face going to school every day. We help young people to support each other. We help young people that bully to change their attitudes and behaviour. We shape attitudes, and change behaviours. The website contains useful information, facts and figures on cyberbullying, what to do if you’re being bullied, and its prevention.

Lead by example Sometimes as adults we can forget that we also need to keep ourselves safe online. How safe is your password? Do you regularly check your privacy settings on any social networking sites you’re a member of? Are you careful about information about yourself that you post online? Click on ‘How safe is your password’ : http://howsecureismypassword.net/ Click on ‘Do you regularly check....’: Source: http://www.facebook.com/help/privacy Click on ‘Are you careful.....’ Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2012/03/06/what-employers-are-thinking-when-they-look-at-your-facebook-page/

Before you go to bed tonight... And finally... Before you go to bed tonight... Switch off your Internet Router!