© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA7 U.S. CHEMICAL STOCKPILE

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA8 OBJECTIVES Describe types of chemical warfare agents stored in your vicinity Describe what nerve and blister agents are and what they look like

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA9 CHEMICAL STOCKPILE Comprised of chemicals designed and produced for the sole purpose of warfare Nerve agents and blister agents Edgewood Chemical Activity, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation Storage FacilitiesStates with Storage FacilitiesImpacted States CA10 CHEMICAL STOCKPILE LOCATIONS Anniston Chemical Activity (ANCA) Anniston, AL Blue Grass Chemical Activity (BGCA) Richmond, KY Deseret Chemical Depot (DCD) Tooele, UT Edgewood Chemical Activity (ECA) Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD Newport Chemical Depot (NECD) Newport, IN Pine Bluff Chemical Activity (PBCA) Pine Bluff, AR Pueblo Chemical Depot (PUCD) Pueblo, CO Umatilla Chemical Depot (UMCD) Hermiston, OR WA IL CSEPP

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA11 U.S. STOCKPILE INVENTORY CSEPP

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA12 Umatilla 13.9% Deseret 39.4% Pueblo 9.8% Pine Bluff 14.4% Newport 4.8% Blue Grass 2.0% Anniston 8.4% Edgewood 6.0% Johnston Atoll 1.3% U.S. STOCKPILE INVENTORY AS OF AUGUST 1999

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation US STOCKPILE INVENTORY Deseret Chemical Depot stockpile incineration began August 1996 Approximately 22.7% of stockpile stored at Deseret successfully destroyed (as of August 1999) CA13 Deseret Chemical Depot, Tooele, UT

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA14 STORAGE CONTAINERS

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA15 STORAGE FACILITIES Chemical agents are stored in –concrete igloos –metal storage buildings –outdoor storage yards In restricted access areas Entire area surrounded by security fences and equipped with appropriate security devices Blue Grass Chemical Activity, Richmond, KY

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA16 Chemical munitions containing explosives must be stored in concrete structures called “igloos” Igloos have 2 ft of earth covering all sides except a front wall of reinforced concrete Earth cover designed to reduce spread of fragments and fire in unlikely event of an accident within igloo IGLOOS Umatilla Chemical Depot, Hermiston, OR

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA17 Deseret Chemical Depot stores aerial spray tanks in metal structures These spray tanks have small amounts of explosive devices stored in a container attached to outside of metal shipping and storage container EXCEPTION OF EXPLOSIVE STORAGE

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA18 METAL STORAGE BUILDINGS Bulk containers of agent without explosives stored in metal storage buildings Bulk containers of VX stored in metal storage buildings at Newport Chemical Depot Bulk containers of HD stored in metal storage buildings at Umatilla Chemical Depot Newport Chemical Depot, Newport, IN

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA19 Bulk containers of blister agents may be stored in outdoor storage yards surrounded by a security fence Bulk H and HD blister agent stored outside at: –Pine Bluff Chemical Depot –Edgewood Chemical Activity –Deseret Chemical Depot Deseret Chemical Depot also has Lewisite stored outside OUTDOOR STORAGE YARDS Edgewood Chemical Activity, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA20 TYPES OF AGENTS

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation GAGBVX NERVE AGENTS HHDHTL BLISTER AGENTS CA21

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation Attack body’s nervous system Scientific classification: Organophosphate –organophosphates also include agricultural insecticides malathion and parathion CA22 NERVE AGENTS GAGBVX

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA23 SPECIFIC NAMES SymbolCommon nameReferred to as VXVXVX GBSarinGB or G-agent GA*TabunGA or G-agent *Small amount stored at Deseret Chemical Depot

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA24 Usually liquid in normal state Becomes volatile and generates vapors if heated Potential for release if in vapor or aerosol form All nerve agents currently in liquid form Most distinguishable factors are physical consistency and color NERVE AGENT PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA25 VX Oily liquid; resembles light weight oil Usually a pale amber color (colorless in pure form) Odorless Tasteless Persistent; designed to cling to whatever it splatters on –persistence is weather-dependent

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA26 G-AGENTS GB is usually colorless, watery in pure form GA may be pale to dark amber GB has almost no odor GB is tasteless GB volatilizes at lower temperature than VX GB evaporates more rapidly than VX but less than water

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA27 HHDHTL BLISTER AGENTS (VESICANTS) Poisons that destroy individual cells Blisters most noticeable effect from exposure Includes sulfur mustard and Lewisite

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation SymbolCommon nameReferred to as H, HD, HTSulfur mustardH, HD, HT L* LewisiteLewisite *Small amount stored at Deseret Chemical Depot CA28 SPECIFIC NAMES

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA29 Mustard-garlic-like smell Liquid or solid form in normal state Becomes volatile and generates vapors if heated –burns well once ignited Pale amber brown color in liquid form Colorless gas when vaporized SULFUR MUSTARD PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Laboratory bottle of sulfur mustard

© 1999 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation CA30 LEWISITE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Amber to brown liquid –colorless when pure About 10 times more volatile than sulfur mustard Irritating, fruity or geranium-like odor –little odor when pure Persistent More dangerous as liquid than as vapor