Writing the Story of the Past Lesson 2 Resources The Delaware Recommended Curriculum Pilot Unit History Standard Two K-3a History Standard Three K-3a

Lesson Two Essential Question How are artifacts and documents used to write the story of the past?

Strategy 2: Making Inferences Doffers - Boss said 14 and 15 years old. Indian Orchard Cotton Mill. Location: Indian Orchard, Massachusetts / Lewis W. Hine. June 29, 1916.

Strategy 2: Making Inferences Lincoln Cotton Mills, Evansville, Ind. Girls at weaving machine; warpers. Location: Evansville, Indiana October.

Strategy 2: Making Inferences Group of workers in a Ga. hosiery mill. Location: Georgia April.

Strategy 2: Making Inferences TITLE: "OUR BABY DOFFER" and some of the other infants all working in Avondale Mills. Location: Birmingham, Alabama November.

Alternative Strategy 3 – Option #1 Farm of W.W. Potts, Cat Creek, Custer County, Nebraska; Solomon Butcher; 1888

Alternative Strategy 3 – Option #1 H.E. Hyatt, southeast Custer County, on Cat Creek; Solomon D. Butcher; 1888 or 1889

Alternative Strategy 3 – Option #1 Abraham Hyatt, on Elk or Cat Creek, Custer County, Nebraska; Solomon D. Butcher; 1886 or 1887

Alternative Strategy 3- Option #1 W.P. Hyatt, Cat Creek or Elk Creek in Southeast Custer County, Nebraska; Solomon D. Butcher; 1888

Alternative Strategy 3- Option # 2 Letter from Mattie V. Oblinger to Thomas Family, April 25, 1874 To day I give the house a general sweeping and brushing cleaned out the cupboard and washed off all my dishes then washed {Begin deleted text}the{End deleted text} down the windows and doors Last Wednesday I washed and then scoured my tin ware so we will live bright for a few days Now Mother are you ready to say well Marth what do you scour tin ware with away out in Neb Well I use sand just as I use to in Ind but I can not go to the Creek here and get it for we are not near any runing stream the sand I useed come out of Mr Powells Well it was some Mrs Allkire give me Then I give the table a genuine scouring with it I had scoured it frequently with ashes but it would never look the way I wanted it to It is the table top the boys brought with them and it got so colored before I got here that I dont think I ever will get it the right color

Alternative Strategy 3- Option # 2 Letter from Giles S. Thomas to Thomas Family, July 23, 1876 I put 4 horses to the corn planter and put in 19 A. in one day I was out by sun up or a little after. Letter from Giles S. Thomas to Thomas Family, April 30, 1881 I am puting out 60 Acres of a crop and have had every foot of it to plow I am doing it all my self and with two horses-- I put 10 A- - to wheat 10 to Oats …I have 20 Acres of wheat that was hailed last June did not make any thing to cut but left enough wheat on the ground to Seed it…

Alternative Strategy 3- Option # 2 Letter from Stella Oblinger to Rhoda Bacon, Lucy Bacon, Sadie Oblinger, and Nettie Oblinger, April 24, 1887 I and Maggie are going to school our school commensed two weeks ago tomorrow I like my teacher real well her Name is Miss Cora Evans what is your teachers name I study fifth reader Arithmetic Spelling and Geography and History what do you and Lucy study and does Len go up stairs to school yet we go to school in a sod schoolhouse it is just the size of our house there are eleven scholars coming to school we have one mile and a half to walk.

Alternative Strategy 3- Option # 2 Letter from Uriah W. Oblinger to Thomas Family, January 4, 1883 At present I am chopping cordwood, and sawing stove wood for a living just as opportunity offers. Our winter is close and cold with about ten in' of snow on the ground, for over two weeks it has been from 5o to 25o below zero, we are getting used to it by this time, and think it nothing extraordinary… I have lost both crops with hail storms …to support my family by days work, takes all my time, and days are so short here in this northern country that a man can not do much unless he uses every minute of it to the best advantage.

Alternative Strategy 3- Option # 2 (modified) Letter from Mattie V. Oblinger to Thomas Family, April 25, 1874 Today I cleaned the house. First I swept the floor and then washed the dishes. Then I cleaned all of the windows and doors. Last Wednesday I polished the tin dishes that we use. My mother wondered how to do that since we live in Nebraska and don’t have stores to buy cleaning supplies. We used to use sand from the creek in Indiana, but there is no creek here. Instead, I scrub them with sand that comes out of Mr. Powell’s well. I also use sand to scrub the table. I tried ash on the table that we brought with us, but I can’t get it the color that I want it.

Alternative Strategy 3- Option # 2 (modified) Letter from Giles S. Thomas to Thomas Family, July 23, 1876 My four horses pulled the corn planter and I planted nineteen acres of corn in one day. I started when the sun came up or a little after. Letter from Giles S. Thomas to Thomas Family, April 30, 1881 I am planting sixty acres of my farm and have had every foot of it to plow. I am doing it all by myself and with the help of my two horses. Ten acres were planted with wheat and ten acres were planted with oats. Last year 20 Acres of wheat were destroyed during a hail storm. So in June I did not have any thing to cut but left enough wheat on the ground to seed it…

Alternative Strategy 3- Option # 2 (modified) Letter from Stella Oblinger to Rhoda Bacon, Lucy Bacon, Sadie Oblinger, and Nettie Oblinger, April 24, 1887 Maggie and I started school two weeks ago. I like my teacher, Miss Cora Evans. What is your teacher’s name? I study level five reading, math, spelling, geography and history. What do you and Lucy study? Does your brother Len go upstairs in the school yet? Our schoolhouse is made out of sod and is the same size as our house. There are eleven students who come to our school we have to walk one and a half miles to get there.

Alternative Strategy 3- Option # 2 (modified) Letter from Uriah W. Oblinger to Thomas Family, January 4, 1883 I am now chopping and sawing wood for a living when work is offered. Our winter is cold with about ten inches of snow on the ground. For over two weeks it has been from 5o to 25o below zero. We are getting used to it by now and don’t think that much about it… I have lost both crops with hail storms so I now work all day to support my family, but the days are so short here in this northern country that a man can not do much unless he uses every minute of it to the best of his ability.