GOES-R Direct Readout Implications Richard G. Reynolds GOES-R Ground Segment Project 4 th GOES User Conference “Session 5: GOES-R User Readiness” 8:30-10:15 am / Wednesday November 4 An update of the presentation to the Direct Readout Users Conference By Wilfred E. Mazur Jr. - December 11,

Direct Readout Services GOES-R Program Status New Instruments for GOES-R GOES-R Frequency Plan Implications to Communications Services – GRB and Dual Polarization – GRB Receive Systems – EMWIN & LRIT Become HRIT/EMWIN – Emulated GVAR (eGVAR) – DCS – SARSAT – Multi-Use Data Link (MDL) Topics 2

Direct Readout Services Overview Data Collection System (DCS) GOES Rebroadcast (GRB) High Rate Information Transmission / Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (HRIT/EMWIN) Emulated GOES Variable (eGVAR) Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) 3

GOES-R Program Status Instrument Contracts – ABI / SUVI / EXIS / SEISS / GLM – All Under Contract Spacecraft Contract – July – Lockheed-Martin – Denver, Colorado NNG J, NNG R / Ground Segment Contract – May 27, 2009 – Harris Corporation – Melbourne, Florida DG133E-08-RP Antenna System Acquisition – October 22, 2009 – Proposals Received GOES-R Access Subsystem (GAS) / Ancillary Data Relay System (ADRS) / HRIT/EMWIN “Domain-5” Upgrade / Data Collection System IF Compatibility – Soon – RFP Release GOES-R Launch Readiness Date GOES-S Launch Readiness Date – September February

5 06/19/2008 v25 Command and Data Acquisition Station Wallops, VA NOAA Satellite Operations Facility Suitland, MD Remote Backup Facility Fairmont, WV GOES-East 75° West GOES-West 137° West GOES-R System Configuration Command & control, data Data Command & control, data Direct Readout Users Data

Instrument Performance 6

Instrument Data Delivery 7

Instrument Raw Data Rate Comparison 8

GOES-R Frequency Plan Radiosondes 1675 to 1683 MHz GRB (dual pol) MHz CDA Telemetry BPSK MHz HRIT/EMWIN BPSK MHz DCPR FDM MHz MHz GRB (dual pol) MHz EMWIN-LRIT BPSK MHz Command BPSK MHz DCPC CDMA MHz MHz DCPR FDM/8PSK MHz MHz DOWNLINKS (RAW DATA DOWNLINK AT 8220 MHz NOT SHOWN) UPLINKS SAR FDM/Bi-Φ MHz SAR FDM MHz DSN Telem & Rng BPSK/PM MHz 470 DCPC CDMA MHz MHz Command and Ranging BPSK MHz 9

Provides full resolution products from all instruments – All data will be calibrated and navigated ( “ Level 1b ” ) – Except … GLM will be higher level products ( “ Level 2+ ” ) “Events,” “Groups,” and “Flashes” Replaces current GVAR service – 31 Mbps vs. 2.1 Mbps – DRO receive systems specified for same size antennas (G/T of 15.2 dB/K), however with significant changes: New center frequency MHz vs MHz High-level modulation (e.g. QPSK, OQPSK or 8-PSK, TBD) vs. BPSK Dual polarization – requiring feed changes and dual receiver chain CCSDS packet formatting Forward error detection coding (LDPC) to reduce required C/No. DVB-S2 link characteristics and compatibility under consideration – System specified for 2.5 dB margin GOES[-R] Rebroadcast (GRB) 10

GOES[-R] Rebroadcast (GRB) (Continued) 11 LHCP to provide subset of imagery (ABI … 0.64, 3.9, 6.185, 7.34, 11.2, 12.3, 13.3 micron channels); RHCP to provide remaining 9 ABI channels, plus all other instruments

GRB 99.99% Availability Coverage 0.01% Exceedence of 22 dB interference level based on “Initial Bound Equation” determined by the conducted measurements and the ITU-R 0.01% rain rate for given areas in the GOES antenna footprint. GOES West GOES East Interference level could be exceeded in the DARK BLUE area Some locations near the equator may experience a reduced, but positive, margin under expected worst case conditions Interference Level 12

DVB-S2* PCI Card Receiver ~$750/polarization – $~300 for a PCI-Card –$450 for an equivalent new PC from Dell Data Aggregator$450 for an equivalent new PC from Dell One Concept for a GRB Small User Receive System LNA Filter 90deg Hybrid RHCP LHCP LNA Filter Demodulator Data Handling Demodulator Storage Antenna&Feed Downconverter & Demodulator Data Aggregator 13

As a contingency capability, and to give users additional time to transition from GVAR to GRB, eGVAR will provide GOES-R Imagery to Users capable of receiving today ’ s GVAR data stream – Will be broadcast through a GOES I/P Series Satellite – The signal will have the GVAR characteristics: Same transmit frequency ( MHz) and power levels Same GVAR data rate (2.11 Mbps) and format Five Similar Imager channel wavelengths (Based on ABI channels 0.64, 4.9, 6.19, 11.2, 13.3 µ m ) Imagery will be mapped to GOES NOP temporal and spatial resolution No Sounder data One full-earth disk every 30-minutes – No Mesoscale data – No “Rapid Scan;” No “Super Rapid Scan” Emulated GVAR (eGVAR) 14

– Not an option for long-term use – Will only be operational based on assessments of end user readiness near the time for GOES-R operations: Presumes a spare satellite is available Users must not be lax in preparing for actual GOES-R (i.e., GRB) readiness Emulated GVAR (eGVAR) (Continued) 15

eGVAR & GRB Flows Legend Instrument Raw Data downlink GRB relay uplink eGVAR relay uplink GRB RF Broadcast eGVAR RF Broadcast Terrestrial/Network Comm GOES-R Satellite GOES-N/O/P SSGS GOES- N/O/P RF GOES-I/P Series Satellite eGVAR User GRB User Product Gen eGVAR & GRB Product Generation GRB 16

Successor to individual Low Rate Image Transmission broadcast (LRIT) and the Emergency Managers Weather Information Network broadcast (EMWIN) combined onto one carrier. Frequency change from MHz/ MHz to MHz Higher data rate … 921 Kbps) Provides growth path for both Services to a combined 400 Kbps – LRIT currently 128 Kbps – EMWIN currently: – 9.6 Kbps (GOES 11&12), 19.2 Kbps for GOES Will utilize BPSK modulation w/ convolutional and Reed-Solomon coding – Same as LRIT, but higher data rate – Allows maximum EIRP from satellite due to Power Spectral Density restrictions – EMWIN Users modulation type changes from uncoded FSK (GOES I-M) and from coded OQPSK (GOES-NOP) to coded BPSK at much higher data rate. HRIT/EMWIN 17

Name change to High Rate Information Transmission (HRIT) required by CGMS categorization of services Virtual Channel Data Units used to separate HRIT and EMWIN data – CCSCS Virtual channels as used in LRIT today Prototype “ Software Defined Radio ” developed and demonstrated: – One hardware/software configuration can receive all current and future EMWIN, LRIT and HIRT/EMWIN signals with NO hardware changes or upgrades (GOES I-S compatible). No user transition necessary. – Technology demonstration to proves low cost, PC-based terminals are possible for all data rates and modulation types – Performance data, Hardware design and software design is available on – Development performed for GOES-R Program by Aerospace Corp. – Presentation and Demonstrations provided last night HRIT/EMWIN (Continued) 18

HRIT/EMWIN Ground Data Flow (Per satellite) Comm Processor (Domain 4) HRIT/EMWIN CCSDS TCP/IP Ant./RF NSOF WCDAS RF Up/Down RBU Uplink Processor (Domain 5) IF Modulation IF Switch HRIT/EMWIN CCSDS TCP/IP (B/U) Ant./RF RF Up/Down GOES-R GS HRIT/EMWIN Uplink & Signal Monitoring IF Switch Uplink Processor (Domain 5) IF Modulation EMWIN From NWS HRIT From ESPC 19

20 GOES Data Collection System

GOES-DCS consists of two communication Services: – Data Collection Platform Receive (DCPR) – Data Collection Command (DCPC) … Previously “ Interrogate ” (DCPI) GOES-R will support the ongoing evolution toward greater channel efficiency and system capacity – Narrower DCPR channel assignments allowing both East and West satellites to each support 200 simultaneous platform signals, with a total system capacity of about 72,000 platforms – A new DCPC service, based on CDMA techniques, currently in prototype development. This user-funded development concept will allow one command channel on each GOES NOP Series satellite and two channels on each GOES-R Series satellite Direct Broadcast of DCPR to User systems having 15.0 G/T will continue to be supported, but …. GOES Data Collection System 21

Summary of Changes to GOES-DCS for GOES-R Series: – DCP uplink transmit power reduced, in accordance with latest DCP Certification Specifications – DCPR uplink frequencies will be unchanged – DCPR Downlink frequencies will be shifted from MHz to MHz Will require change in channel demodulator frequency – DCPI becomes DCPC: Will be compatible with on-going User-funded developments compatible with current satellites Able to support a second DCPC channel GOES Data Collection System (Continued) 22

23 SARSAT

Signal characteristics of the SARSAT service will be slightly modified for GOES-R: – Up and down-link center frequencies remain the same – GOES-R will transpond, rather than re-modulate, the up-link band – Will require configuration changes to the LUT receiver To account for degraded Beacons, GOES-R will operate with 32 dBm uplink power (versus 36 dBm for GOES-NOP) – Provides improved capability to support beacons with weak signals – Transponder will also operate with a minimum of 10 uplink beacons simultaneously – Conforms to COSPAS/SARSAT Specification T001, Issue 3 Revision 8 dated Nov 2007 SARSAT 24

All raw instrument data will be transmitted to the ground in X-Band vs. today’s S-Band – X-band provides ‘spot beam’ geographical coverage vs. hemispheric – Processed to Level 1B and re-broadcast to users via the GRB link Diagnostic telemetry will be available via a new higher data rate telemetry link (32 Kbps) – “CDA” telemetry downlink changes from MHz to MHz The Multi-use Data Link (MDL) is eliminated for GOES-R Series Other Changes of Potential Interest 25

System requirements, communications requirements, and the Ground Segment architecture have been defined for the entire system, including Direct Readout Services Detailed definition of communication link characteristics have not yet been fully finalized and will be refined through the Spacecraft and Ground Segment contract design processes … However the GOES-R baseline is: – GRB will replace all current forms of instrument data broadcast: Full resolution Geo-located Calibrated In essentially real-time – EMWIN and LRIT will be combined and enhanced to a higher data rate on a new downlink frequency – HRIT/EMWIN – DCS will remain largely the same, however DCPR downlink in L-Band will have a frequency shift – SARSAT will be essentially unchanged Summary 26

Documentation for the Direct Readout User community will be produced by the GOES-R Ground System contractor as CDRLs. – Of particular note, the GS Contractor (Harris Corporation) will be developing a Product User's Guide (PUG) that will include a section on building a GRB receive system Summary (Continued) 27

28 Back-up

GOES N/O/P Frequency Plan Radiosondes use 1675 to 1683 MHz PDR BPSK MHz EMWIN QPSK MHz LRIT BPSK MHz DCPR FDM/8PSK MHz MHz CDA Telem Bi-Φ MHz DOWNLINKS UPLINKS SAR FDM MHz DSN Telem BPSK/PM MHz 470 DCPI BPSK MHz and ± 12.5 kHz LRIT BPSK MHz Command BPSK MHz DCPI BPSK MHz MHz MHz DCPR FDM/8PSK MHz MHz SAR FDM/Bi-Φ MHz MHz PDR 2.11 Mbps MHz EMWIN QPSK MHz MDL QPSK MHz SD UQPSK MHz 29