D O NOW On this day in 1959, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art opened in New York City. Describe a time that you have been to a museum. If you haven’t been to a museum, explain why you would like to visit one.

U NIT 2: A NCIENT M ESOPOTAMIA Land between two rivers

A GENDA Recap of Mesopotamia GRAPES Study Guide

R EVIEW OF M ESOPOTAMIA o It is located in an area called the fertile crescent in Western Asia o It has both floods, and droughts- long periods without rain o Farming was a big part of the economy, they would grow beans, onions, lettuce, apples, dates, and spices o Farmers would grow surpluses or extra food, this would lead to the growth of cities and towns o Became wealthy by trading wool from sheep 6.2.1

T HE INVENTION OF A GRICULTURE CHANGED THE WAY PEOPLE LIVED. Agriculture (Farming) Growth of Cities (permanent settlements) Division of Labor (Specialization) Trade Writing and Mathematics 6.2.1

The Euphrates is to the left The Tigris is to the right 6.2.1

T RACE THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES THAT PERMITTED THE PRODUCTION OF ECONOMIC SURPLUS What does irrigation mean? The following helped agriculture succeed in Mesopotamia: Irrigation Canals Wheel = Plow These tools helped Sumerian farmers in Mesopotamia: Plow Hoes Hand tools 6.2.2

T RACE THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNIQUES THAT LED TO THE EMERGENCE OF CITIES AS CENTERS OF CULTURE AND POWER. Key fact to remember: Agriculture led to permanent shelter and farmers traded their surplus (extra) with others 6.2.2

R ELIGION AND S OCIAL S TRUCTURE IN M ESOPOTAMIA How did people know what jobs they had to do? Most people had the same job as their parents, except scribes. How many classes were there in the Mesopotamia Social Structure?

R ELIGION AND S OCIAL S TRUCTURE IN M ESOPOTAMIA Kings: Chosen by the gods/goddesses Very powerful Leaders of both religion and politics Upper class Priests Only ones to communicate with the gods/goddesses Powerful members of society Upper class 6.2.3

S IGNIFICANCE OF H AMMURABI ’ S CODE What city-state was Hammurabi from? What was Hammurabi’s Code? How many laws did Hammurabi’s Code have? a. Over 400 b. Almost 300 c. Over 600 d. Almost 200 How did Hammurabi communicate his code to his people? His law code was carved in stone for people to see. The stone was called a stele and was placed in a ziggurat (holy temple) for everyone to see 6.2.4

S IGNIFICANCE OF H AMMURABI ’ S CODE Why was it so important to history for archeologists to find Hammurabi’s Code? It tells modern people about daily life, social class, and the values in Mesopotamia 6.2.4

T RACE THE EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE AND ITS WRITTEN FORMS What is a scribe? What tools did a scribe use? What was the first type of writing in Mesopotamia called? 6.2.9

T RACE THE EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE AND ITS WRITTEN FORMS Before cuneiform was written in wedged shapes, it was written in: PICTOGRAPHS! What was the writing called that was developed by Sumerians? CUNEIFORM! 6.2.9

GRAPES! Let’s complete the GRAPES for Mesopotamia I need you to write the GRAPES chart on the left side of your notebook to fill out!! Let’s talk about the GRAPES of Mesopotamia!

GEOGRAPHY Desert Zagros mountains Fertile crescent 2 Rivers: Tigris and Euphrates Farmland

RELIGION Polytheism: many gods Ziggurats: holy temples Priests

ACHIEVEMENTS Inventions: Wheel Plow Sail Writing = Cuneiform Irrigation canals Calendar Created first empire through Sargon the Great

POLITICS Hammurabi’s code created 282 written laws that governed society

ENVIRONMENT Land between two rivers Flooding of rivers Dry, heat Many cities to trade with

SOCIAL STRUCTURE Three social classes Upper Middle Lower Can you remind me who goes in each?

A CTIVITY ! Early Humans Mesopotamia