Actualizing CEDAW: Labor Force in Informal Economy in Taiwan Shang Luan Yan, Professor Shih Chien University Member, FIFCJ, SWS, PPSEAWA – NY President, MHAT- WFMH 58 th UN CSW NGO March 10 th _ 20 th, 2014

CEDAW NGO Report Since 2008 Article 11, 1 （ C ）、（ D ）、（ E ）、（ F ） & 2 Gender Gap, Gender Segregated Occupations in Labor Forces, Maternity Protection, & Balance of Work and Family Studies shown ， gender discrimination is persisting at the workplace in Taiwan, and it is still a long way to actualize CEDAW and MDG.

2013 Women in Informal Economy CEDAW Article 11, 1 (f) social security ； Article 13, 1 the right of family benefits GR 16 unpaid family worker - social protection

Production – Extended Family Role? Gender role – Women’s position in Family Women work for Love (without pay) Flexible work for the balance of family and work Domestic Work is a Job? Or Responsibility? （ Yan ， 2009 ； ILO, 2008 ），

Types of Informal Economy Who are those in informal economy in Taiwan Self-employed unpaid family worker – who are working or caring for family member over 15 hrs/per week or over 3 hrs per day without pay (DGBT, 2013) Who are those in informal economy internationally 1. Self-employed 2. Women worker in Rural area 3. Home worker 4. Unpaid women’s family workers

Participants of Study Focus Group & In-depth Interviewing Participants 1. Unpaid Women’s Family Workers ： Domestic Worker & Caretaker 2. Work for Family Enterprise 3. Domestic Worker 4. Worker in Rural Area Characteristics ： mainly care-taker with multiple roles

Unpaid Women’s Family Workers ： Domestic Worker & Caretaker Contents of work ： laundry 、 cooking 、 cleaning 、 care-taking for elderly, children and sick family member, mainly without pay Differences: working hours Majority are women, very few men ， care for family members in person. If men are care- takers most likely to hire others to be caretakers. Gendered division of labor

Unpaid Women’s Family Workers ： Care-taker Care-taking for designed family member Other than domestic work, most of time and money on caring Long-tem, high intensity, highly repeatability, and professional skill have great impacts on care taker Family ties weaken, responsibility and cost are on caretaker

Woman Worker in Rural Area Characteristics of Work ：  Long & Irregular Hours varied by corps  High Intensity  Field & Domestic Work  Income Unstable  Income controlled by male in the household Differences between family support and economic mobility in East and South of Taiwan.

Woman Worker in East of Taiwan Interviewee worked in non-agricultural job, after married and gave the birth, giving up the job requested by her husband, and responsible for domestic work and the field work as well. External factor: gendered division of labor embedded in her environment, patriarchy and traditional ethics are still major forces in rural family.

Woman Worker in South of Taiwan Co-op in Community 。 daily living and work are blended in community support system Better off than unpaid family worker in the city, self employed and irregular working hours may become more mobile for them.

Social Protection – Unpaid Family Workers CEDAW GR16 Outlining the steps to be taken to recognize the contribution of unpaid women workers in rural and urban family enterprises [Articles 2 & 11]

Table 1: Gender Statistics in Labor Forces PopulationUnpaid family worker TotalMW MW 19928,632,0005,380,000 (62.32%) 3,252,000 (37.68%) 768,000 (8.89%) 212,000 (2.46%) 556,000 (6.44%) 20029,454,0005,547,000 (58.68%) 3,907,000 (41.32%) 695,000 (7.36%) 171,000 (1.8%) 525,000 (5.55) ,860,0006,083,000 (56.2%) 4,777,000 (43.98%) 570,000 (5.25%) 157,000 (1.44 %) 412,000 (3.79%) 表一： 我國勞動人口變化性別統計 資料來源：主計處， 2013 。 101 年人力資源調查統計年報。

Table 2: Pension Insured by Gender Insured totalMW 20094,014,6781,908,598 (47.5%) 2,106,080 (52.5%) 20103,872,2411,829,080 (47.2%) 2,043,161 (52.8%) 20113,783,7311,807,547 (47.8%) 1,976,184 (52.2%) 20121,942,0161,783,610 (47.9%) 3,725,626 (52.1%) 資料來源：勞工保險局， 2013 。 註：國民年金被保險人人數為每年 12 月人數。

Types of Insured Majority of unpaid family workers insured via the occupational unions, few insured through the status of the spouse Chosen the occupational unions due to not qualified for other insurances (no designed employer or not continuing employed) and accumulating work experiences for better pension for retiring are needed. Only one interviewee joint pension fund because stable income and extra income, such as, rent.

Conclusions and Discussion Women in informal economy due to family responsibility to gain balance of work and family In accord with multiple role sets, fully employed is determined by family factors or social structure rather than individual free will and achievement.

Conclusions and Discussion The patterns and needs of employed in informal economy are varied. Indeed, employed in informal economy has less security and protection in the work place. And, to access social protection is harder. Suggestion: Using special measurements to alter those who employed in informal economy, i.e., higher insurance and benefits provided.

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