NSAIDs and GI and Renal Complications Lessons from Tennessee Medicaid population studies (and selected others)
Overview Upper GI complications of NSAIDs –Age –Dose/duration –Corticosteroids –Coumadin Renal complications Other
Age-specific peptic ulcer hospitalization rates by sex and NSAID use, Saskatchewan, Female nonusers Male nonusers Female users Male users Age Hospitalizations per 1,000 person-years Garcia Rodriguez et al, Epidemiology 1992
Hospitalizations for PUD Tennessee Medicaid, age 65+, Griffin et al Ann Intern Med 1991
Gastrointestinal Complications meta-analysis: 5 studies that included dose Henry et al Br Med J 1996
Hospitalizations for PUD Tennessee Medicaid, age 65+, Smalley et al Am J Epidemiol 1995
Hospitalizations for PUD Tennessee Medicaid, age 65+, Smalley et al Am J Epidemiol 1995
Corticosteroids and NSAIDs Co-prescription 1-3% of elderly –Similar to non-NSAID users Increases risk fold over non-users Ulcer hospitalization: 5-6 per 100 per year
Coumadin and NSAIDs Co-prescription 1-2% of elderly –Similar to non-NSAID users Increases risk of GI bleeding 12 fold over non-users Ulcer hospitalization: 3 per 100 per year
NSAIDs and Acute Renal Failure, Tennessee Medicaid, aged 65+, patients community acquired ARF –4.5 hospitalization per 1000 person-years –Median length of stay 8 days –3% dialysis –30 day mortality 36%
NSAIDs and other risk factors for ARF 18% NSAID users –Adjusted RR 1.58 Other risk factors –Older age –Male gender –Black race –Nusing home resident –Diuretics –ACE inhibitors –Other co-morbidity
Individual NSAIDs NSAIDRR 95% CI Ibuprofen 1.63 (1.23 to 2.08) Naproxen 1.03(0.68 to 1.56) Ketoprofen1.55 (0.54 to 4.45)
Ibuprofen dose and ARF Tennessee Medicaid, age 65+, Griffin et al Am J Epidemiol 2000
Duration of NSAID use and ARF Tennessee Medicaid, age 65+, Griffin et al Am J Epidemiol 2000
Other Considerations: Upper GI and renal effect OTC drugs may be self-administered as previously “prescribed” (high dose) OTC drugs may be used for long duration Risk increases with combination of >1 NSAID For GI events risk increases with aspirin use
Other Considerations: Important other adverse effects Hypertension –Small increases in mean BP, large population effect Small bowel and lower GI bleeding Dyspepsia –Increased health care costs Other