Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” WHRP Project Effect of Recovered Binders from Recycled Shingles and Increased RAP Percentages on Resultant Binder PG Ramon Bonaquist, Ph.D., P.E. Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC

“Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Outline Objectives Approach Major Findings Conclusions and Recommendations

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Objectives Improve the AASHTO performance graded binder blending chart analysis. Use the improved blending chart analysis to evaluate current WisDOT criteria for binder replacement. Identify potential effects of using RAP and RAS on pavement service life, both positive and negative.

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Approach Review of current practice –WisDOT specs relative to other agencies –AASHTO M323 blending chart analysis Blending chart improvements –RAS –Multiple recycled binders Characterization of WI recycled materials –6 RAP, 6 FRAP, and 6 RAS –Northern and Southern sources

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Approach Continued Reliability based blending chart analysis –Considered variation in temperature and continuous grade temperature –Effect of WisDOT binder replacement criteria on low temperature properties –Recommendations for adjustments

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Review of Current Practice WisDOT binder replacement relative to: –Alabama –Georgia –Minnesota –Missouri –South Carolina –Texas –Virginia

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Surface Mixtures

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Lower Layer Mixtures

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Blending Chart Improvements Issues –AASHTO M323 and AASHTO PP53 use linear blending charts for RAP and RAS –Linear blending charts were developed for blends of recovered RAP binders in virgin binder. Do they apply to RAS and blends with RAP and RAS? –Can’t grade recovered RAS binders due to different rheology primarily at low temperatures. Fails stiffness at very low temperature Fails m-value at very high temperature

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Blending Charts for RAS

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” High Temperature

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Intermediate Temperature

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Low Temperature

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Linearity Limit

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Grading RAS Binders Extract and recover RAS binder Prepare a 30/70 blend of recovered RAS in virgin binder of known performance grade Grade blend per AASHTO R29 Knowing virgin and 30/70 blend continuous grade extrapolate RAS continuous grade

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Notes on RAS Binder Recovery AASHTO T164 Method A, centrifuge extraction Rotovapor primary distillation Abson recovery Modifications –Heat flask in oven after primary distillation and prior to start of Abson recovery –Use higher temperatures in Abson recovery

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Blending Chart for Multiple Recycled Binders

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Blending Chart vs R29 High

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Blending Chart vs R29 Intermediate

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Blending Chart vs R29 Low

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Recycled Material Characterization

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” RAP/FRAP High

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” RAP/FRAP Intermediate

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” RAP/FRAP Low

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Average Grade of WI RAP PG 82.8 (26.9) Standard Deviation PropertyWI RAPVirgin PG High Intermediate Low1.40.8

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Extrapolated RAS High

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Extrapolated RAS Intermediate

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Extrapolated RAS Low

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Average Grade of WI RAS North –PG (34.4) -4.7 South –PG (31.0) -8.4 PropertyWI RASVirgin PG High Intermediate Low1.80.8

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” WI RAP vs WI RAS PropertyWI RAPNorth RASSouth RAS High Intermediate Low

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Reliability Analysis Two sources of variability –Pavement temperature at the project location –Continuous grade of blended binder Overall reliability Average and Standard Deviation of Pavement Temperature at Project Location Average and Standard Deviation of Continuous Grade Temperature

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Standard Deviation of Blend

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Standard Deviation of Blend

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Standard Deviation of Blend PropertyVirginRAPRAS High Intermediate Low

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Reliability Analysis PG Weather Stations PG Weather Stations Mid Grade Binder Exceptional Binder

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Mid Grade Surface Current Limits

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Exceptional Surface Current Limits

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Mid Grade Surface Revised Limits

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Mid Grade Lower Revised Limits

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Revised Limits

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Conclusions Linear blending is applicable to blends of RAS up to about 30 percent Linear blending provides a reasonable estimate of the continuous grade of blends of multiple recycled binders WI RAP/FRAP is very consistent having a recovered grade of PG 82.8 (26.9) -21.8

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Conclusions Appears to be a geographic difference in WI RAS –North (34.4) -4.7 –South (31.0) -8.4 RAS changes binder grade much more than RAP Current WisDOT binder replacement does not treat RAP and RAS mixtures equally

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Recommendations Consider modifying binder replacement criteria to provide similar reliability for RAP and RAS mixtures Use reliability analysis to approve mixtures with recycled contents greater than the binder replacement limits Monitor continuous grade of recycled sources using the procedures developed in this project

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Recommendations Monitor continuous grade of virgin binder sources Monitor cracking performance of pavements with recycled binders

Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC “Engineering Services for the Asphalt Industry” Questions/Discussion Ramon Bonaquist Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC 108 Powers Court, Suite 100 Sterling, VA