PART THREE Chapter 6: Drawing Drawing materials covered in this chapter include: Dry Media: Graphite, Metalpoint, Charcoal, Crayon, Pastel, and Chalk Liquid Media: Pen and Ink, Brush and Ink © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Key Terms for this chapter include: collage papyrus pigment and binder ground wash © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

DRAWING Drawing material is composed of a pigment (coloring) and a binder (substance that allows it to be shaped). Sometimes artists draw on a ground which is a preliminary coating of paint applied to a surface. © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

DRAWING Paper Paper originated as papyrus made from plant fibers. The plant fibers are beaten to a pulp, mixed with water, then spread in a thin layer over a fine mesh, and left to dry. Discussion questions: How do you think papyrus differs from today’s paper? How do you think an artist work drawn on papyrus would differ visually from a work of art drawn on more modern refined paper surfaces? © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Papyrus Papyrus is a thick paper-like material produced from the pith of the papyrus plant, once abundant in the Nile Delta of Egypt. Papyrus is first known to have been used in ancient Egypt. Ancient Egyptians used this plant as a writing material and for boats, mattresses, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets. Japanese are credited with invention of paper

Standing Nude and Seated Man Reading, Fillipino Lippi, Metalpoint, 1480 Chiaroscuro

© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Dry Media Dry media is usually applied in a stick form. Graphite: A soft crystalline carbon. Combined with clay and encased in wood it makes a pencil. Metalpoint: A thin silver wire set in a holder. When used on a specially prepared ground it leaves behind a trail of metal particles that tarnish to a pale gray. © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

1, From 51 Ways of Looking, Shahzia Sikander, 2004, pencil. Layers – sense of space

© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Dry Media Dry media is usually applied in a stick form. Charcoal: Charred wood. Varieties include vine and compressed charcoal. Crayon: Made of powdered pigments combined with a greasy or waxy binder. Pastel: Pigment bound with a non-greasy binder. Chalk: Soft, finely textured stones composed of a variety of natural materials. Discussion question: Based upon the descriptions of these drawing materials and what you know of them, how would they differ as drawing tools when working with them on paper? © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Three Mile Island, Night I, Yvonne Jacquette, 1982 Café Concert, Georges Seurat, 1887, Conte’ crayon with chalk Left (charcoal image of aerial view) Right (Conte crayon is like charcoal with a small amount of wax to act as binder)

The Singer in Green, Edgar Degas, 1884, Pastel on light blue paper Chalk pastel

© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Liquid Media Liquid media is usually applied with a tool. Pen and Ink: Consists of very fine particles suspended in water. A binder like gum arabic holds the particles in suspension and helps adhere them to the drawing surface. A pen with a nib attached is used to draw on the surface. © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Cottage Among Trees, Rembrandt, Pen and brush in brown ink, 1648-50

No Title (Not a single Armorer), Raymond Pettibon, 1990 Pen with nib

Untitled, Julie Mehretu, 2001 Space achieved by layering images

© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Liquid Media Liquid media is usually applied with a tool. Brush and Ink: Consists of very fine particles suspended in water. A binder like gum arabic holds the particles in suspension and helps adhere them to the drawing surface. Brushes are used to apply the ink in a wash of value to the drawing surface. Discussion question: When using liquid versus dry drawing materials, what are some textural qualities that distinguish the two? © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

© 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. COLLAGE Collage is a French word that means pasting or gluing. It refers to the technique of attaching actual objects to a support. This technique was pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Still Life on Table, Georges Braque, Pasted paper and gouache, 1914 A collage is an assemblage of different things to create a work of art.

Mysteries, Romare Bearden, 1964 Magazine cutouts. Size variation for emphasis.

Hide and Seek: Kill or Speak, Wangechi Mutu, paint, ink, collage, and mixed media on mylar, 2004

Drawing Materials and Key Terms: Drawing: Summary Drawing Materials and Key Terms: Dry Media: Graphite, Metalpoint, Charcoal, Crayon, Pastel, and Chalk Liquid Media: Pen and Ink, Brush and Ink collage papyrus pigment and binder ground wash © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.