Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder

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Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 STARBIND I In vitro Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Evaluating binders in vitro: example Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 Evaluating binders in vitro: example Solution of toxins 10 µg/l Afl + 2 g/l binder  equilibrium Measure conc. free toxin( ) at equilibrium in solution  2 µg/l Aflfree Toxin + binder  complex (pH-traject)  Afltotal: 10 µg/l Aflfree: 2 µg/l  Aflbound: 8 µg/l Afl  adsorption: 80% Traditionele benadering: test wordt 1 maal uitgevoerd: 10µg/l Afl +2g/l binder laat 2µg/l Afl vrij in oplossing  adsorptie van 80% Bemerkingen: dit klopt voor een contaminatie van 10µg/l maar als de contaminatie stijgt zal het adsorptiepercentage dalen Voordeel adsorptie-isothermen: -zicht op verzadiginsgedrag van binder Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 Clay minerals - 2003 Starbind Zearalenone 2000 mg/metric ton feed Clay minerals 5 kg/metric ton feed Clay minerals pH 2.5 Clinoptilolite pH 8.0 Yeast product Adsorption of 1040 mg ZEA/MT feed =52% Organic acids and salts Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 Clay minerals & yeast - 2004 Starbind Aflatoxin 340 mg/metric ton feed Ochratoxin A 1000 mg/metric ton feed Clay min.& yeast 5 kg/metric ton feed Clay minerals pH 3.0 Clinoptilolite pH 6.5 Yeast product Adsorption of 230 mg aflatoxin/MT feed = 67% 302 mg ochratoxin A/MT feed = 30% Organic acids and salts Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 Clinoptilolite - 2006 Starbind Aflatoxin 400 mg/metric ton feed Zearalenone 2000 mg/metric ton feed Clinoptilolite 10 kg/metric ton feed Clay minerals pH 3.0 Clinoptilolite pH 6.5 Yeast product Adsorption of 398 mg aflatoxin/MT feed = 99% 250 mg zearalenone/MT feed = 12.5% Organic acids and salts Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Starbind in commercial feed Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 Starbind in commercial feed Starbind Organic acids and salts Yeast product Clay minerals Clinoptilolite Starbind 1kg/MT feed Aflatoxine diff. contamin Fumonisine. diff. contamin. pH 6.5 (3h) Adsorption of Aflatoxine ca 95% Fumonisine. ca 63%. Kasetsat University Thailand, 2008 Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 Screening project 2009 Product Mycotoxin pH Dosage Starbind Binder F Binder M ZEA, OTA, AFL, at 5, 15, 50, 150 and 500 ppb 3 & 6,5 2 kg / Ton Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Screening project 2009 - ZEA Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 Screening project 2009 - ZEA Percentage bound contamination (µg/L) Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Screening project 2009 - OTA Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 Screening project 2009 - OTA Percentage bound contamination (µg/L) Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Screening project 2009 - AFL Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 Screening project 2009 - AFL Percentage bound contamination (µg/L) Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Starbind I In vitro – adsorption isotherm Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 Starbind I In vitro – adsorption isotherm Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Adsorption isotherm: example Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 Adsorption isotherm: example Solution of toxins 10 µg/l AF + 2 g/l binder  equilibrium Measurement of free toxin( ) at equilibrium In solution  2 µg/l AFfree Toxin + binder  complex (pH-traject)  AFtotal: 10 µg/l AFfree: 2 µg/l  AFbound: 8 µg/l AF  Per gram binder: 4 µg AF adsorption  Repeatment with the same dosage of toxin binder at higher concentration of toxin Traditionele benadering: test wordt 1 maal uitgevoerd: 10µg/l Afl +2g/l binder laat 2µg/l Afl vrij in oplossing  adsorptie van 80% Bemerkingen: dit klopt voor een contaminatie van 10µg/l maar als de contaminatie stijgt zal het adsorptiepercentage dalen Voordeel adsorptie-isothermen: -zicht op verzadiginsgedrag van binder Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Interpretation of adsorption-isotherm Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 Interpretation of adsorption-isotherm 28 33% 16% 12% 24 44% 20 80% 70% 32% 24% 12% 9% 90% 80% 16 12 Bound toxin [µg/g binder] 80% 8 90% 4 Deze isotherm geldt voor een specifieke dosering binder (stel 2g/kg voer). Hoeveel toxine is deze dosering binder nu in staat te binden? 2 mogelijkheden: -Kijk naar het theoretische optimum: de isotherm gaat maximaal 12µg toxine/g binder adsorberen (dus 24µg toxine/kg voer). Maw. als de contaminatie over de 24µg toxine/kg voer gaat functioneert de binder niet meer goed, de verzadiging is quasi compleet en er blijven meer en meer toxines in oplossing. Een hogere dosering moet dus geadviseerd worden. -Stel een lagere grens ahv. gekende pathologische concentraties bij dieren. Stel dat het toxine pathologisch wordt vanaf 20µg vrij absorbeerbare toxine/l. In dat geval lezen we af dat de dosering van 2g/kg voer, de binder tot 8µg toxine/g binder kan binden zonder de toxine gehaltes in oplossing de 20µg/l te laten overschrijden. Maw. als de contaminatie over de 36µg (20µg vrij + 16µg gebonden) toxine/kg voer gaat moet er hoger worden gedoseerd. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 Contamination [µg/kg] The steeper the slope  the bigger the affinity to the toxin The higher the saturation line  the higher the max. binding capacity Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Isotherm voor Starbind: Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 Isotherm voor Starbind: Starbind Organic acids and salts Yeast product Zearalenone 0-5-10-50-150-500 ppb Starbind 2 kg/MT feed Binder G 2 kg/MT feed Clay minerals Clinoptilolite pH 3.0 (1h) pH 3.0 (1h) pH 6.5 (3h) Isotherm Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 ZEA binding Adsorption isotherm: Binder Starbind Binder G 300 250 200 bound zearalenone [ppb] 150 100 50 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 free zearalenone [ppb] Conclusion:  The Starbind isotherm shows a steeper slope  higher affinity to ZEA  Binder G shows a saturating slope Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium

Free-Tox - The polyvalent mycotoxin binder 13/04/2017 ZEA binding Binder Starbind Binder G 500 450 400 350 300 Free zearalenone [ppb] 250 200 150 100 50 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 contamination [ppb] Conclusion: Starbind can bind more ZEA Starbind can reduce a higher contamination (120 ppb) to a safe level than binder G Nutrex - Achterstenhoek 5 - 2275 Lille - Belgium