Bellringer Find your new seat and start work on the text book scavenger hunt worksheet Reminders: Take today’s papers Turn in syllabus signatures

Agenda Pass out books Complete book worksheet Finish Pre-History notes The Paleolithic Era Hunter-gatherer life Summarizing Text

Objectives Students will be able to… Define and describe culture. List the major advances early humans made during the Paleolithic Era. Describe hunter-gatherer life.

Skills Objectives Students will be able to… Take effective notes from textbook readings. Interpret information presented in charts and graphs. Create efficient summaries of written texts. S S S

Charts and Graphs

Greek Name Roman Name Responsibilities Aphrodite Venus goddess of beauty and love Ares Mars god of war Artemis Diana goddess of hunting and childbirth Athena Minerva goddess of war, wisdom, and crafts Demeter Ceres goddess of the harvest Hera Juno protector of women; wife of Zeus/Jupiter Hermes Mercury messenger of the gods Hades Pluto god of the Underworld Poseidon Neptune god of the sea Zeus Jupiter king of the gods

Binder Organization Front: Assignment Log, Syllabus Tabs Bellringers Current Unit Reviews and Exams Tools Glossary

Objective #1 Prehistory The class is organized around the Objectives. You’ll see what objective we are talking about in the upper right hand corner. Everything after this slide is in Objective 1, until you see something that says Objective 2. Prehistory – the time in human history before the invention of writing What sources can we use to understand the “prehistoric” world? Pay attention to your notes sheet and what is next. This is an honors class – I’m not going to call out every time you need to write. But you can always ask! Words you see in bold, underlined red need to be added to your glossary! Sometimes the slide will define the word. Sometimes you have to listen for the definition!

Unwritten History Oral histories Drawings Stuff they left behind

Oral Histories Storytellers prized in many cultures, and stories are passed down for generations Problems: “Whisper down the lane” effect Dead people don’t tell stories

Drawings Mostly, cave paintings Famous pictures from Lascaux (France)

Cave Paintings Art is in the eye of the beholder Stories? Actual events? Religious beliefs? Nice pictures? Textbooks?

Artifacts Something made by people

Fossils Solidified remains of living things

Using Artifacts Some assembly required Like a giant puzzle with no idea what the picture will be What if we use things for different purposes? If we know what, do we know when? Some things get lost

Objective #2 Studying the Past Archeology Anthropology

Archeology The study of the human past by examining artifacts and remains Excavation Hoping to find ancient settlements, burial sites, tools, etc.

Carbon Dating A scientific test used to analyze the age of artifacts and fossils (based on the half-life decay of Carbon-14… ask a science teacher) Pretty accurate for the last 40,000 years or so

Anthropology Study of human origins, relationships, and cultures Try to determine how humans evolved (physically and culturally) Archeology is a subfield of anthropology What is culture?

Objective #3 Culture Culture is a system of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life that guide behavior and are shared by a group of people Everyone has culture What does culture include?

Our Culture What will archeologists and anthropologists use to understand our culture in 10,000 years?

HW: Textbook Notes Tips for effective note taking Not just reading; note taking Your first (real) homework assignment! Entering class procedure: turn in homework to your class inbox

Objective #4 Early Humans

Early Humans Start our story at the dawn of the Paleolithic Era, about 2.5 million years ago the Old Stone Age Humans created the first tools made out of stone

Better than Monkeys Early humans developed Simple stone tools Control of fire Oral language All keys to cooperating in hunts, which bring food and resources

Wise Man Smarter, larger-brained humans known as homo sapiens (Latin for “wise man”) Developed technology Clothing Shelter Art Homo sapiens are modern humans

Out of Africa Homo sapiens arose in Africa about 200,000 years ago Migration to all continents (except Antarctica) beginning around 100,000 years ago

Why? Why did ancient humans leave Africa? Out of Africa Why? Why did ancient humans leave Africa?

Objective #5 Hunter-gatherer Life People Profiles

Source of Food Hunting Main source, whatever they could catch, kill, and cook! Gathering Wild fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, etc. Get it? Hunter-gatherers!

Size of Groups Small groups Clans: 60-100 people, one or a few extended families Why?

Permanent Settlements No! They were nomads Why move? Follow herds No food left Seasons change Too cold or hot No water left

Location Factors Mainly, Paleolithic (and prehistoric) people followed their food Animals migrate, so did the people Overpopulation (of people) Overconsumption (of resources in one spot)

Getting Along Cooperation was necessary for survival Knew everyone in their clan – all relatives No private property – no where to put it No fighting other groups – no one around Finding food…just not that hard

Summarizing Text

Some Terms Summarize Paraphrase Plagiarize

Some Tips Use structure and organization Include major details Leave out unimportant information Show connections between ideas DON’T COPY THE TEXT!!!

Some Practice Read the excerpt from page 12 of your textbook and write a VERY short summary

Bad Sample For a long time people used to wander like nomads. Cro-Magnons hunted and gathered. Then they made technology and hunted better.

Good Sample Over time, humans became more effective at finding food. At first, nomads moved often to find more food to hunt or gather. Later, Cro-Magnons invented tools and then technology (like knives and needles) to improve their lives.

Some More Practice Read the article about cannibalism and write a short summary

Ending Class All the summarizing practice goes under Tools in your binder Homework: Guided Reading notes for Chapter 1.2!