A filter is a resonance system (Fry 100) Resonance systems can be sharply tuned ~ highly damped Narrow-band: "A sharply tuned resonator can driven by a narrow band of frequencies; it will not respond to frequencies outside this narrow band." It goes on "ringing" Wide-band: A damped filter will accept a larger range, but the resonance will die away quickly. Narrow-band – typically 45 Hz, will go on "ringing" for some 20 ms Wide-band – typically 300 Hz, will only "ring" for about 3 ms (Fry 101)

SIL Speech analyzer

Maddalena high a

Maddalena high e

Maddalena high 1

Maddalena high o

Maddalena high u Note half the freq of i – why??