NOAA data : >30keV electron We study upper atmosphere phenomena in South Atlantic Geomagnetic Anomaly (SAGA) since So far, we installed several instruments at more than 10 stations in South America. Riometer / Imaging riometer is main equipment and named this riometer network observation as South America Riometer Network (SARINET). Recently we also installed Electric Field detectors at several points. We called this network observation as South America Field of Electricity Network (SAFENET). S outh America Riometer Network (SARINET) Kazuo Makita (Takushoku University, Japan) IGRF:2000

Southern Space Observatory （ SSO), INPE Concepcion University, Chile Imaging Riometer (IRIS) Stations in South America 29º42΄S, 53º11΄ W 36º50΄S, 73º01΄W 53º07΄S, 70º53΄W 43º15΄S, 65º22΄W 23º12΄S, 45º57΄ W 10º16΄S, 48º20 ΄ W University Vale do Paraiba(UNIVAP) University Luterano Brazil(ULBRA) Magalhanes Univ., Punta Arenas ， Chile Geomagnetic Obs.(La Plata Univ.), Trelew, Argentina

Ionosphere(70km-300km) Galaxy radio wave (f=38.2MHz) Galaxy radio wave was absorbed by particle precipitation in ionosphere Absorption image: 4 ｘ 4(16) antennas Imaging Riometer Observation P Cosmic Noise Absorption: CNA Area ： 200km

Imaging riometer data at Southern Space Observatory

2001/03/27 GOES, A E, IRIS IRIS at SSO (Keogram) CNA event during Substorm SNSN AE Dst Proton Electron Mag(Hp) GOESGOES

2011/09/22 09/23 09/24 SJC （ 23ºS) SMR （ 30ºS) TRW （ 43ºS) PAC （ 53ºS) X-ray Proton Electron SNSNSNSNSNSNSNSN X-ray

NO CNA TRW ( 43ºS) SJC ( 23ºS) SNSNSNSN X-ray 2011/09/24

Natal: 2013 South America 1ch and Imaging Riometer Network (SARINET) CASLEO: Stop Manaus: Stop Imaging Riometer (6 stations+Kakioka) 1ch riometer (13 stations)

SJC(23.1S) CASLEO(31.5S) PAL(10.2S) TRW(43.2S) PAC(53.1S) EACF(62.1S) KAK(36.2N) 1ch Riometer data (00h-24h UT) X-ray flare event

Installation of Field-Mill detector at 7 Stations in 2013 Palmas Atibai San Jose dos Campos Santa Maria Trelew Punta Arenas Field-Mill detector at SSO Same Field Mill detectors are also installed at Kakioka Geomagnetic Ob. and Kagoshima college in Japan Brazilian Antarctic Station (planning)

Calibration of Field-Mill detector for 6 stations (1) E=200V/m corresponding ~ 1V output (AMP Gain: No. 7) (2) Sensitivity : E=2V/m corresponding ~ 10mV output EACF Atibai ULBRA UNIVAP Trelew Kagoshima

Electric-Field Observation in South Ameri ca Riometer (Blue ) Electric Field (Red ) Magnetic H comp. (69.0S, 39.3E) Magnetic field variation in Polar region has some relationships to Electric Field variation in Geomagnetic Anomaly region.(about 6 hours local time difference). Is this relation true or not ?. We want to study this relationships. +1V -1V Syowa Station (Antarctica) RIO/Electric-Field (29.6S, 54.0W) Southern Space Obs.

(A) Particle precipitation influence in Geomagnetic Anomaly Region. (1)Ionization of neutral atmosphere (less than 50km) and Electric Field will be produced between ionized region and ground. ionized atmosphere ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ ＋ Electric-Field － － － － Ground － － － ( 2) Accelerate Electric Field may be detectable in Geomagnetic Anomaly region as similar as aurora particle acceleration in the polar region. electron Electric Field ＋ ＋ ＋ (B) In the equatorial region, electric field of Plasma Bubble / Spread F phenomena Horizontal Component (Force of upward flow ) Detectable vertical Electric Field Total Electric Field Possibility of Electric Field detection at the ground

Summary and Conclusion Geomagnetic Field in 2235Variation of Dipole moment Dipole moment Am 2 Longitude Latitude (1)Geomagnetic Field is sharply decreasing, especially in South Atlantic Ocean area. (2) What influence will be happened under the week geomagnetic field condition ?. (3) At present, the influence of environment due to decreasing of geomagnetic field is not so remarkable. However, it must be important to continue observation for the influence in South America region.

Thank you for your attention

SJC （ 23ºS) SMR （ 30ºS) TRW （ 43ºS) PAC （ 53ºS) 2011/09/6 09/7 09/8 X-ray Proton Electron SNSNSNSNSNSNSNSN Dayside evening nightside ? ?