Breathing Machine
Design Requirements Provide/Remove 500cc of air Rate ≈ 15 breaths per minute Ability to vary volume of air, and rate Age (years)Weight (kg)Tidal Volume (cc) Child Teenager Adult
Existing Breathing Machines The need for artificial breathing mechanism has always been around with human history 1896: O’Dwyer used a foot operated pump which blew air into patient’s lungs through a curved metal tube Existing Breathing Machines
Current Respirators Air-Shielded Electric Ventilators Mörch Piston Ventilators Bennett Respirators Existing Breathing Machines
Air-Shielded Electric Ventilators Blows atmospheric air into the lung using an electric powered blower that compresses and expands rubber bellows inside a rigid container Uses one-way valve Only works for inhalation Existing Breathing Machines: Air-Shielded Electric Ventilators
Mörch Piston Ventilators Uses a circular plate with a rod connected to a piston Motor provides force Circular plate controls volume For either inhalation or exhalation Existing Breathing Machines: Mörch Piston Ventilators
Bennett Respirators Operates with patient’s initiation Patient breaths in, low pressure causes spring to pop, and the valve opens since it is connected to the spring diaphragm Compressed air comes in until the pressure difference between either side of the valve becomes small Existing Breathing Machines: Bennett Respirators
Inhalation Exhalation No tilting of the plate OUTER BEAM INNER BEAM MUSSL Breathing Machine
Machined Components Casing Cam Supports Cams Beam and Slider Bellows Plate Weight & Sealing Plexiglass Design Justification: Choice of Materials
How it works … Fully-Compressed (2 inches) Fully-Expanded (12 inches) Neutral position
Expansion Fresh Air Neutral position Fresh Air trapped Exhaust Air from the lung Exhaust Air trapped Allowed Flow Direction
Compression Neutral position Trapped Exhaust Gas escapes to ambient Trapped Fresh Air flows into the lung Fully-Expanded
Issues Problems: 1) Difficulty in synchronizing 2 motors 2) Severe sliding of outer beam along inner beam - leads to bending of the bellows Bending of the bellows Plate remains HORIZONTAL
The Final Design 3D-Model Bellows Guide 1 Motor Timing Belt and Pulleys
Breathing Rate Control Variation of motor speed Method 1.Resistive speed control 2.PWM speed control Design Description: Breathing Rate Control
Resistive Speed Control R1 = motor, R2 = resistor Resistor reduces voltage delivered to motor Simple to implement Extreme inefficiency and possible danger Design Description: Breathing Rate Control
PWM Speed Control PWM: Pulse Width Modulation Splits voltage supply into pulses and controls the pulse width, hence the total voltage Each pulse carries full voltage & torque Design Description: Breathing Rate Control
PWM Circuit Design Description: Breathing Rate Control
Performance Provide/Remove 500cc of air Rate ≈ 15 breaths per minute Ability to vary volume of air Ability to vary breathing rate Machine Testing
Integration with Lung Model