Seneca Meadows: The First Landfill Gas-to- Vehicle Fuel Project in New York State Richard M. DiGia President EIF Renewable Energy Holdings Novi, MI - Oakfield, NY The Power of Waste: Renewable Natural Gas for Long Island October 14,

Landfill Gas to Energy EIF Renewable Energy Holdings Types of Recovery Projects Facilities in US Re-Emergence of Pipeline Quality Gas or Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Projects 2

EIF Renewable Energy Holdings Own and/or operate one of the largest LFG portfolios in the US 265 MWe of base load renewable energy – 38 Renewable Power Projects – 6 Renewable Natural Gas Projects – 13 projects in New York 4 facilities qualified to produce RNG 3

Project Locations 1

LFG Energy Recovery Projects LFG generation/collection The three primary methods for utilizing landfill gas – electric power generation – direct use medium-BTU industrial fuels – production of RNG 5

Source: 2013 Update of U.S. Landfill Gas-to-Energy Projects published by the U.S. EPA Type of Projects in US 6

Types of Projects in New York Source: 2013 Update of U.S. Landfill Gas-to-Energy Projects published by the U.S. EPA

Electric Generation Internal Combustion Engine Gas Turbine Steam Turbine Micro Turbine 8

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Electric Generation TechnicalEnvironmentalFinancial Long Operating History Stringent Emissions Limits Qualified RECs - State RPS Standard CommodityCombined Title VBase Load Wide Fuel RangeFuel Combusted On-site Competitive in Dispatch Stack Federal and State Incentives Favor Power Generation 10

Direct Use Industrial Fuel Burning Equipment – Steam Boilers – Aggregate Dryers – Asphalt Production – Brick Kiln – Leachate Evaporation

Direct Use 12 TechnicalEnvironmentalFinancial Custom Delivery Requirements Fuel Combusted Off- site Compete Against Alternative Fuel Different Combustion Characteristics Increasing Pipeline Scrutiny & Regulation Low Operating Cost Increased Equipment Maintenance Environmental Attribute Difficult to Capture

Renewable Natural Gas Organic Solvents Membranes Adsorption 13

Renewable Natural Gas 2 KCLFG OKC SWACO OKC KCLFG SWACO Seneca

15 US Natural Gas Pipelines Transportation of gas opens markets across the US

RNG Math Four Facilities – NY, OH, KS, OK Combined Production Capacity – 11,000 MMBtu/Day MMBtu to GGE of CNG = 12.98* 142,780 GGE per day Annually displaces 52 million gallons of gasoline Annual reduction of 124 million tons of CO2 emissions* from gasoline * Based on USEPA conversion factors 16

RNG Math Seneca New York Facility Production Capacity – 2,000 MMBtu/Day 25,960 GGE per day The average convenience store sells 4,000 gallons of gasoline per day * 6 ½ average stations to sell output from Seneca based on gasoline sales Access to national pipeline network mandatory to move production to markets * Based on NACS bulletin 17

RNG – Technical Considerations 18 High Complexity Pipeline Specifications Recent Improvements Skill SetsHeating ValueStandardized Design Design and construction Inert GasesModular Components Operating CostsOxygen, SulfurN 2 O 2 Removal

RNG – Environmental/Regulatory Considerations 19 EmissionsPermittingRegulatory Limited FootprintStreamlined ProcessUSEPA RIN Certification Gas Combusted Off-siteSeparate Source California CEC Certification

RNG – Economic Considerations 20 CommodityTransportation Environmental Attributes Traded CommodityNational Pipeline NetworkRINS Lock in Forward Price Established and Regulated Process LCFS Long Term ForecastRECS

RNG – Legislative and Policy Considerations 21 Federal Encourage all renewable uses Long term certainty Realistic and timely rule making States Adopt low carbon fuel standard Encourage pipeline access Qualify broad range of resources