Evgeniy Michailov Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia Ecological assessment of waste fields with multivariate analysis - feasibility study

WSC-52 Man-caused formations

WSC-53 Objects for investigation 1.Illegal dump Bezenchuk 2.Modern, well-run landfill Kinel 3.Poorly run landfill Otradniy

WSC-54 Sampling hole 1 metre n metre n-1 metre

WSC-55 Variables variables measured variables measured variables evaluated variables ash content volumetric weight temperature depth humidity pH ash content volumetric weight temperature depth humidity pH stratum lense topsoil stratum lense topsoil age

WSC-56 Evaluated variables CHEMOMETRICS-BASED EVALUATION OF MAN- CAUSED FORMATIONS’ STABILITY Olga Tupicina Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia CHEMOMETRICS-BASED EVALUATION OF MAN- CAUSED FORMATIONS’ STABILITY Olga Tupicina Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russia

WSC-57 Age → maturity Maturity=1-exp(-k*Age) k=1/5 Maturity=1-exp(-k*Age) k=1/5 Age can be evaluated for waste only Age of topsoil? →use the maturity Maturity of topsoil is 1

WSC-58 Goals and methods X1 X2 Y measuredevaluated PCA PLS

WSC-59 Illegal dump Bezenchuk Life cycle more then 25 years environmental protection system is absend Amount of waste is more than 90 thousand m 3 Area 30 hectares Life cycle more then 25 years environmental protection system is absend Amount of waste is more than 90 thousand m 3 Area 30 hectares

WSC-510 Scheme of dump Bezenchuk 2 regions of sewage sludge 2 regions of sewage sludge topsoiltopsoil

WSC-511 Samples and variables Bezenchuk data set 123 samples (21 holes) Bezenchuk data set 123 samples (21 holes) 9 variables 6 measured variables 6 measured variables 3 evaluated variables ash content volumetric weight temperature depth humidity ash content volumetric weight temperature depth humidity lens topsoil lens topsoil maturity

WSC-512 PCA X1X2 PCA

WSC-513 PCA Bezenchuk data set

WSC-514 Lenses and topsoil sewage sludge topsoil

WSC-515 PLS X1 Y PLS

WSC-516 PLS Bezenchuk data set

WSC-517 Scores & loadings

WSC-518 Result PCA allows revealing the lens and topsoil groups using only measured variables PLS regression provides us with maturity prediction

WSC-519 Modern, well-run landfill Kinel Life cycle about 10 years Environmental protection system exist Amount of waste is more than 1300 thousand m 3 Area 13 hectares Life cycle about 10 years Environmental protection system exist Amount of waste is more than 1300 thousand m 3 Area 13 hectares

WSC-520 Samples and variables Kinel data set 105 samples (12 holes) Kinel data set 105 samples (12 holes) 6 variables 4 measured variables 4 measured variables 2 evaluated variables ash content volumetric weight temperature depth ash content volumetric weight temperature depth layer age

WSC-521 PCA X1X2 PCA

WSC-522 PCA. Kinel data set

WSC-523 … without samples of industrial waste

WSC-524 Scores plot Ash Weight Temperature Depth

WSC groups of waste

WSC-526 PLS X1 X2 Y PLS +

WSC-527 PLS Regression

WSC-528 Result PCA discriminates between industrial and domestic wastes PCA reveals four waste layers existing in this landfill PLS regression provides us with waste age prediction

WSC-529 Poorly run landfill Otradniy Life cycle more then 45 years Environmental protection system is absent Amount of waste is more than 300 thousand m 3 Area 8 hectares Life cycle more then 45 years Environmental protection system is absent Amount of waste is more than 300 thousand m 3 Area 8 hectares

WSC-530 Samples and variables Otradniy data set 84 samples (13 holes) Otradniy data set 84 samples (13 holes) 7 variables 5 measured variables 5 measured variables 2 evaluated variables ash content volumetric weight temperature depth humidity pH ash content volumetric weight temperature depth humidity pH layers maturity

WSC-531 PLS X1 X2 Y PLS

WSC-532 PLS Regression Weight

WSC-533 Result PLS regression provides us with maturity prediction and gives the waste layers’ stratification

WSC-534 Conclusions Chemometric methods give possibility : ► ► to explore the structure of man-caused formation ► ► to reveal the specific areas and strata ► ► to predict the age or maturity of samples The obtained results confirm the conventional methods of landfill exploration