1.One problem with degradation in modern sanitary landfills is that ______________ use up all the oxygen rather quickly, and then the bacteria that do most of the decomposing die. a.Basophiles b.Extremophiles c.Anaerobic bacteria d.Aerobic bacteria 2. As anaerobic bacteria decompose organic waste, _____________ is produced. a. CO 2 b. CH 4 c. O 2 d. O 3

3. The primary decomposers of our garbage in landfills are bacteria, and _______________. a. Terrestrial isopods b. Fungi c. Moisture d. Light 4.How does excess water limit the amount of degradation in a landfill? a. It doesn’t contain enough DO to sustain the microbes b. It filters down through the landfill, leaching out allall the decomposers as it moves c. Too much water means not enough oxygen d. Anaerobic bacteria prefer drier environments, and they are the main decomposers.

5. Mesophilic organisms are microbes with an optimum growth temperature range that is a. Between 20 and 45°C b. Only achieved during the Spring and Fall c. Close to the freezing point of water d. Between 75 and 100°C 6. Methanogens a. Complete the process of decomposition b. Initiate the process of decomposition c. Are able to break down cellulose d. Consume methane in the decomposition process

7. There is more ________________ in landfills, than _____________. a. Automobile tires, baby diapers b. Plastic, paper c. Paper, plastic d. Methane, Oxygen 8.Biodegradable bags a. Will completely decompose in less than 20 years b. Decompose with the help of the Sun’s energy c. Partially decompose with the help of microbes d. Require less water to decompose than non- biodegradable bags.

9. ______________ forms when water mixes with toxins and pollutants that are dissolved out of our garbage. a. Sludge b. Leachate c. Slurry d. All of the above 10._________________ produced in landfills may be used to generate electricity very efficiently. a. Alcohol b. Petroleum c. Methane d. Coal

Describe two ways sanitary landfills differ from open landfills…(note…“one is sanitary, and the other isn’t”, IS NOT an answer!