Leveraging Public-Private Partnerships to Advance Bioenergy in Poland Tom Frankiewicz Program Manager U.S. EPA Landfill Methane Outreach Program 29 October 2009 Klub NFOSiGW

2 Overview  Background on Methane  Overview of Methane to Markets  Biogas Applications and Technologies  Methane to Markets Work in Poland  Approach to Project Development  Questions to Consider

3 Methane Overview

4 Methane (CH 4 )  Basic information –100-year GWP = 25 - Lifetime = 12 years  Primary component of natural gas.  Many natural and anthropogenic sources –energy, agriculture & waste sectors – % anthropogenic  Concentration of methane in the atmosphere has increased by 150% in the last 260 years  After about a decade of slow growth – as of 2007 global average methane concentrations have started to increase

5 Methane Emissions Profile Source: IPCC Assessment Report 4 (2007) Source: U.S. EPA Report (2006)

6 M2M description

7 What is Methane to Markets? International public-private partnership to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the capture and use of methane. Estimated to reach 180 MMTCO 2 reductions annually by OBJECTIVES  Advance the recovery and use of methane while: –Enhancing economic growth –Promoting energy security –Improving local air quality and public health. BENEFITS  Stabilization/Decline in Methane Concentrations will result in: –Sustainability –Energy security –Health and safety –Profitability

8 Cost-Effective Projects Recover and Use Methane Oil and Gas SystemsCoal Mines  Landfills  Livestock Waste  Sources of Renewable Energy

9 M2M Partners

10 M2M Project Network  Brings necessary actors together to implement reduction projects  Over 850 organizations  Project Network members can: –Expand business and increase profits –Distinguish themselves in the marketplace –Identify financial and technical support for potential projects –Build capacity –Fulfill strategic goals –Mitigate climate change

11 Key Accomplishments  Brought high-level focus specifically on methane –Raising awareness within governments of the multiple benefits of methane recovery –Demonstrate importance of achieving near-term climate benefits at low cost  Directly involving the private sector and financing organizations – over 800 in M2M  Good complement to Kyoto – provides technical assistance and capacity building necessary to ensure long-term project success  Achieving real reductions – over 91 projects featured at the 2007 M2M Expo in Beijing – potential reductions of 11.5 MMTCO2e

12 Biogas Applications and Technologies Landfill Gas

13 Landfill Biogas  Local, available fuel source  Easy to capture and use  Source of renewable energy  Constant supply - 24 hours a day, 7 days a week  Reliable technologies exist for using landfill gas - >90% up time  Uses a source of energy that otherwise would have been wasted  Helps the environment by reducing uncontrolled emissions of landfill gas

14 LFG Diagram

15 LFG Energy Projects and Candidate Sites

16 Biogas Applications and Technologies Manure biogas

17 Manure Biogas  Local, available fuel source  Reliable, proven capture and use technologies  Source of renewable energy  Constant supply - 24 hours a day, 7 days a week  Uses a source of energy that otherwise would have been wasted  Anaerobic digestion technologies provide air and water quality benefits

18 Digesters Around the World

19 More Digesters Around the World

20 Benefits of Manure Anaerobic Digesters Air Quality benefits Control odors from storage and field application Reduce greenhouse gas emissions (methane) Controls other emissions (H 2 S, ammonia, VOCs) Water Quality benefits Stabilize manure organics (reduce BOD/COD) Significantly reduce pathogens Reduce rainwater intrusion Allow for appropriate fertilizer application timing Alternate disposal option for organic waste streams Financial Benefits Waste management system with potential for return on investment Quality fertilizer Energy revenues Carbon credits (offsets) Fiber (primarily dairy manure) Tipping fees for co-digestion

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22 Biogas Applications and Technologies Possible use

23 Possible Uses  Electricity Production  Combined Heat and Power  Direct Use  Alternate Fuels

24 Electricity Generation  Most prevalent type of project in the US –In US, 1100 MW of capacity from over 250 operational LFG projects –And 35 MW of capacity from over 125 operational digester projects  Electricity sold to utility, cooperative or nearby customer

25 Internal Combustion Engine  Sizing –1-3 MWs  Proven and reliable

26 Turbines: Gas, Steam, and Combined Cycle  Sizing: 1-10MWs  Advantages –Corrosion resistant –Low O&M costs –Small physical size –Lower NOx emissions

27 Microturbines  Sizing: kW  Advantages –Low emissions –Multiple fuel capability –Light weight/small size –Fuel pretreatment not required –Lower maintenance costs

28 Combined Heat and Power  Advantages –Greater overall energy recovery efficiency from waste heat recovery - up to 80% –Specialized CHP systems available –Flexible - hot water or steam generation from recovered heat  There is additional cost

29 Direct Gas Utilization  Boilers  Direct thermal applications – kilns, furnaces  Innovative applications –Greenhouses –Infrared heaters –Pottery kilns –Leachate evaporation

30 Direct Gas Utilization  Gas piped to a nearby customer for use in boiler, kiln or other process  100 projects in the US  Pipeline length range from.6 to 15 kilometers –less than 5 kilometers is most feasible  Gas used at off-site end user

31 Direct Use Applications

32 Greenhouses  Use both electricity and heat.  Carbon dioxide can be used to grow greenhouse plants.  6 operational greenhouse projects in the U.S.

33 Infrared Heaters  Used to heat storage and maintenance facilities

34 Leachate Evaporation  Utilize LFG to treat leachate  Commercially available technology  Units operating in the U.S. and internationally; 20 operational in the U.S.

35 Value-Added Benefits

36 Alternate Fuels –High-Btu Upgrade –Vehicle Fuels

37 High-Btu Upgrade  Technology –Gas is purified from 50% to % methane –Removal of carbon dioxide is primary step  Advantages –Inject treated product into pipeline –Methane can be used as raw material –Reduction in use of fossil fuels

38 LFG for Vehicle Fuel  Biodiesel production facility  Compressed natural gas (CNG) to fuel landfill equipment and fleet vehicles  CNG to fuel buses  Diesel from LFG  Methanol to biodiesel  Ethanol production

39 Scenic View Dairy, MI, USA  Began operation in 2007  Dairy farm digester (3,500 head)  Manure biogas-to-high Btu pipeline quality –Pressure swing absorption technology  Small scale – 150 cfm of biogas Photos courtesy of Phase 3 Renewables

40 Significant Benefits of Methane Recovery and Use Projects BENEFITS OF METHANE PROJECTS  Reduced waste of a valuable fuel and important local energy source and  Improved air quality, water quality and reduced odors  Reduced greenhouse gas emissions  Progress toward sustainable development goals  Economic growth and energy security BUT BARRIERS EXIST…  Lack of awareness of emission levels and value of lost fuel  Lack of information on and training in available technologies and management practices  Traditional industry practices  Regulatory and legal issues  Limited methane markets and infrastructure  Uncertain investment climate

41 Strategic Approach to Project Development  Strategic Focus –Target technical assistance and services to countries with greatest project potential –Initiate capacity building and outreach efforts w/ all M2M countries –Leverage relationship with PN to advance projects (World Bank, ADB, ISWA)  Key Activities –Technical Assistance and Project Identification Data collection, assessment reports, pre-feasibility studies –Tool Development and Technology Transfer Gas generation model, CMM and Landfill database –Training and Capacity Building Clearing houses, training workshops, study tours, peer matching

42 M2M Work In Poland  Inventory development – to delineate sites and potential project opportunities  Grant Support –Instytut Nafty i Gazu (INIG) to develop inventory, study and assess landfill gas energy in U.S., develop handbook and trainings of best practices for LFGE  Technical Assistance – currently assessing landfills to identify project opportunities for 2010 Project Expo  Capacity Building – have held two Landfill Gas Energy and Operations and Management Training Workshops in Poland (November 08 and July 09)  Meeting with federal officials, local and regional banks, and regional project developers to build interest and capacity to develop LFGE projects in Poland

43 Where do we start?  Poland has significant methane capture and utilization resources  Robust infrastructure and renewable energy incentives  Methane to Markets is only one of multiple organizations – voluntary and regulatory currently working with Poland  How do we leverage these and other resources - to Poland’s benefit, to encourage methane capture and utilization?

Premier international forum for promoting methane recovery and use project opportunities and technologies. Provides participants with opportunities to: oShowcase and learn about methane mitigation projects and technologies. oMeet with potential project partners and financiers. oExplore key technical, financial, and policy issues. oInteract with high-level government agencies from 30 countries.

45 For More Information...  Tom Frankiewicz (U.S.EPA) –