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 Identify the study question › What is already known on the topic? 3

 Identify the study question › What is already known on the topic? › What remains to be known? 4

 Identify the study question › What is already known on the topic? › What remains to be known? › What are the expected results/hypotheses? 5

 Identify the study question › What is already known on the topic? › What remains to be known? › What are the expected results/hypotheses? 6

 Identify the study population › Who? › What? › When? › Where? 7

 Identify the study population › Who? › What? › When? › Where? 8

 Case-control  Cohort  Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)  Surveillance  Cross-sectional  Chart Review  Case Study 9

 “Cause → Effect” 10

 “Cause → Effect” 11

 “Cause → Effect” 12

 “Cause → Effect” 13

 Other Variables 14

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 Possible clinical implications of results 19

 Possible public health implications of results 20

Publication tips 21

 Literature/Critical Review  Study Question  Study Population  Study Design  Exposure, Outcome, Covariates  Results  Strengths, Limitations, Implications  Future Directions 22

 Write down the main idea (research question) of your project  Look for key components in each article; do they fit? › Stay within the boundaries of your research question  Keep your review in a notebook or spreadsheet  File the literature in a logical way › Reference managers can assist with this  Flag or highlight key content 23

Author, yearPopulationMethodsKey findings Foraker, 2011ARIC cohort, ages at baseline, Assessed 30-day readmission accounting for death as a competing risk Predictors of 30- day readmission were nSES and comorbidity score Binkley, 2009Heart failure patients at OSUMC, ages 55+, Assessed predictors of readmission Elevated glucose predicted 90- day readmission 24

 Validity of author’s approach  Potential sources of bias  External influences on study findings  Communication of study message  Implications for your research › Background for grant proposal or manuscript › Limitations of existing studies › Strengths of your study 25

 Study question › Is the central hypothesis clear?  Study design › Are there other approaches?  Study population › Selection of subjects: enrollment, retention  Definition of exposure, outcome, covariates  Results  Strengths, limitations, implications 26

Other issues 27

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 Be prompt  Address each point consecutively › Restate reviewers’ concerns  Cut and paste manuscript edits into the letter, or point to text (page, paragraph, line number) 33

Literature review suggestions 34

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