WEATHERING & MASS WASTING. Weathering Processes Factors Influencing Weathering Processes Physical Weathering Processes –Frost action –Crystallization.

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Presentation transcript:

WEATHERING & MASS WASTING

Weathering Processes Factors Influencing Weathering Processes Physical Weathering Processes –Frost action –Crystallization (salt-crystal growth) –Pressure-release jointing Chemical Weathering Processes –Hydration and hydrolysis –Oxidation –Carbonation and solution

Regolith, Soil, and Parent Materials Figure 10.4

Physical Weathering Figure 10.6

Joint-block Separation Figure 10.6

Physical Weathering in Sandstone Figure 10.8

Exfoliation in Granite Figure 10.9

Exfoliation in Granite Figure 10.9

Exfoliation in Granite Figure 10.9

Chemical Weathering Figure 10.10

Chemical Weathering

Spheroidal Weathering Figure 10.11

Oxidation in Rock and Soil Figure 10.12

Slope Mechanics and Form Figure 10.3

Slope Mechanics and Form Figure 10.3

Mass Movement Processes Mass Movement Mechanics –The role of slopes Classes of Mass Movements –Falls and avalanches –Landslide –Flow –Creep Human-Induced Mass Movements

Mass Movement Classes Figure 10.19

Soil Creep

Figure 10.23

Rockfall Figure 10.7

Soil Creep, California

Madison River Landslide Figure 10.18

Talus Slopes Figure 10.20

Debris Avalanche, Peru Figure 10.21

Yungay, Peru, May 31, 1970

Colluvium, San Bernardino Mountains, California

Avalanche Chute, Colorado

Gros Ventre Slide, Wyoming Figure 10.22

Figure Scarification

Karst and Limestone Regions Figure 10.13

Karst Topography Figure 10.14

Sinkholes Figure 10.15

Cavern Features Figure 10.17

End of Chapter 10 Elemental Geosystems 5e Robert W. Christopherson Charles E. Thomsen

Mystery or Soil Creep?

Four Years’ Mass-Wasting, Bosnia

100*40/2 cm 2 = 2000 cm 2 (4 years) = 500 cm 2 /year Removed from 1 km slope per year = 500 cm 2 /100,000 cm = 1 cm/200 yr = 5000 cm (50 m)/m.y. = 50m /m.y. A 1-m (100 cm) soil mantle yields 500 cm 2 /year, so movement = 500 cm 2 /year/100 cm = 5 cm/year

Mudflows, California

Urban Planning, San Diego

Avalanche Chute, Colorado

Landslide, Mount Saint Helens

Sherman Glacier, Alaska, March 27, 1964

Viaont, Italy, October 9, people died.

Yungay, Peru, May 31, 1970

Lituya Bay, Alaska, July 9, 1958

Lituya Bay, Before and After

The Scour Line

The Highest Wave Ever Recorded