Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 1 The Department of Ceramics at the University of Leoben

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 2 The University of Leoben 1840„Styrian Corporate School of Mining“ in Vordernberg near Leoben 1848Transferred to Leoben 1849„Imperial and Royal School of Mining“ with initially 48 students 1904„University of Mining“ 1975„Montanuniversität Leoben“ today:1 635 students in bachelor/master/diploma programmes 214 students in doctoral programmes 314 students in the first year

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 3 degree programmesbachelor´s programmes master´s programmes diploma programmes Applied Geosciences11 Industrial Environmental Protection, Disposal Techniques and Recycling 11 Industrial Logistics11 Materials Science1 Metallurgy11 Mechanical Engineering1 Natural Resources12 Petroleum Engineering12 Plastic Engineering11 Degree programmes at the University of Leoben

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 4 Postgraduate education at the University of Leoben MBA Generic Management (4 terms) Quality management in the chemical laboratory Blasting technology

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 5 The staff of the department Federal Employees Professors1 University assistents3 Laboratory assistents3 Administration1 Employees financed by third-party funds Researchers5 Laboratory assistents1 Part time employed research assistents in fulltime equivalents4 total18

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 6 Participation of the department in education -Bachelor´s programme „Natural Resources“ -Master´s programme “Mineral resources: Processing and Materials” with a branch “Building materials and Ceramics” Courses of the bachelor´s programme „Natural Resources“ SHECTS building materials 133,75 binders 111,25 introduction to ceramics22,5 laboratory exercise in building materials and ceramics 1 22

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 7 Courses of the master´s programme “Mineral resources: Processing and Materials”, branch “Building materials and Ceramics” which are organized by the department of ceramics coursesSHECTS Building materials 222,5 Binders 223 Basic refractory materials23 Plant design and process technology for the production of building materials 22 Laboratory exercise in building materials and ceramics 222 Fundamentals of building materials and ceramics33,75 Non-basic refractory materials23 Damage and restoration of construction22 Modeling and simulation in building materials technology33,75 Testing methods and application of building materials22,5 Glass science and technology23 Laboratory exercise in building materials and ceramics 322

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 8 1.Research projects of the Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with Optimized Properties The laboratory was founded in 1999 The main research interests are: Increase of knowledge of the especially mechanical behaviour of refractive and non refractive building materials - characterisation of the material behaviour - influences on the material behaviour - prediction of the material behaviour (modeling and simulation) - investigation and avoidance of failure Successful scientific evaluations have been performed on und (evaluator Prof. Schlegel/Freiberg) Research projects at the department for ceramics

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 9 Modules: 1.Mechanical and thermomechanical characterisation of building materials at room temperature and at elevated temperatures 2.Prediction of the mechanical and thermomechanical behaviour of refractories 3.Fundamentals for the development of refractories with reduced brittleness 4.Auxiliary materials for continuous casting Industriepartner: RHI AG, VA-SD GmbH, VA-SL GmbH

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 10 Research projects at the department for ceramics 2.KnetMet reserach project „ Modeling of the stresses in refractories and in furnace linings with the help of FEM“ - Investigation of the thermomechanical behaviour of a BOF lining and optimisation of the design of the bottom/wall transition zone -thermomechanical behaviour and thermal shock of a metering nozzle at the start of casting -thermoshock behaviour of a ladle shroud 3.Further projects in the fields of applied fundamentals of refractory technology - Fundamentals of the development of refractories with optimised thermomechanical properties -Fundamental investigations of refractory corrosion

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 11 4.Investigation of failure of thermal insulation composite systems Goal of these investigations is the determination of failure mechanisms, the conditions for failure and methods to avoid it. Research projects at the department for ceramics 5.Other current research projects Various research activities especially togehter with partners from industry, e.g. failure analysis of building materials and refractories, investigation of the microstructure of ceramics, etc.

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 12 Finished projects: Ongoing projects: Teeming ladle Steel converter (AOD, LD) Blast furnace Torpedo ladle RH - degasser Tundish Wedge splitting test Simulation of the thermomechanical behaviour of Refractories : Problems associated with modelling and simulation of furnace linings Material properties changing material properties f(T,t) creep different material behaviour under compression and tension Complexity of the models Modelling of joints Changing loads Examples for research projects at the department for ceramics

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 13 Thermomechanical behaviour of a metering nozzle Temperature distribution and stresses in axial direction:

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 14 Thermomechanical behaviour of a metering nozzle Initiation and propagation/opening of cracks:

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 15 Fictitious crack model according to Hillerborg Plastic failure criterion of Drucker-Prager Some material laws applied for thermomechanical modelling of refarctories

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 16 F max GfGf Force F v [N] Displacement  v [mm] 0,15 F max c Gf‘Gf‘ Input:geometry F/  diagram Output:G f, f t, E Evaluation of a wedge splitting test to determine strain softening law wedge splitting test according to Tschegg

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 17 The laser speckle extensometer is a measuring system suitable for small displacements at elevated temperatures inductive displacement measurement system, here applied for a wedge splitting test at room temperature Displacement measurement techniques for room temperature and for elevated temperatures

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 18 The figures show a furnce suitable for measurements up to 1550°C and results for four carbon bonded refractories. Determination of Young´s modulus at elevated temperatures with a resonant frequency technique

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 19 The figures show the experimental setup to investigate fracture surfaces (three dimensional informations from video images) and the autocorrelation function for the fracture surface of a refractory material. Fractographic investigations

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 20  grain size analysis  thermochemical analysis in air as well as under reducing conditions (CO/CO 2 )  differential scanning calorimetry  thermogravimetry  heating microscopy  thermal treatment up to 1250°C in air as well as under reducing conditions (CO/CO 2 ) Investigation of mould powders and continuous casting slags

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 21  chemical-mineralogical investigation of original and thermally treated specimens  chemical analysis  X-ray diffraction analysis  light microscopy  scanning electron microscopy  electron probe microanalysis  high temperature microscopy  high temperature viscosimetry 350°C900°C Investigation of mould powders and continuous casting slags

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 22 Typical defects found on façades are cracks along joints of used insulation material, delaminations of rendering and bending of insulation elements. Failure Analysis of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) schematic cross section masonry distorted insulation boards failure of an about 2 year old façade system

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 23 displacement Fundamental properties for thin layers of rendering materials have to be determined prior to numerical simulation. A modified wedge splitting procedure according to Tschegg has been carried out for this purpose to characterise adherence and fracture. modified wedge splitting procedureload/displacement curves of rendering materials Failure Analysis of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS)

Department for Ceramics and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Building Materials with optimised Properties at the University of Leoben 24 qualitative view of four mounted insulation boards (increasing displacements from blue to red) For temperature cycles of 30°C, the maximum relative displacement of two adjacent edges of the insulation boards is app mm. In this calculation fixation dowels are located on the edges and centre of the insulation boards. Failure Analysis of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) Deformation of ETICS due to shrinkage of the insulation material, superimposed by cyclic changes in temperature.