Group 5 Alex Guerrero Andrew Duffy Bernard Hsu Daniyal Qamar Jeff Tyska Ryan Kosak Tomi Damo March 10, 2011

Introduction  The stirred tank is an important experiment concerning the heat transfer (HT) to a fluid Due to the great variety of types of stirred tanks there are only a few reliable correlations.  A steam jacket allows HT to the internal liquid and an internal cooling coil uses cold water to remove heat. Liquid exits into a HX that is also fed with cold water. Cooled liquid is returned to the tank.

Purpose  The purpose of this laboratory experiment is to measure the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) between the fluid and the inside tank wall.  These measurements will be taken during three HT processes involving the stirred tank unit.

Purpose  These three processes include: Steady State Unbaffled Tank Steady State Baffled Tank ○ Baffles deter vortexes, improving fluid mixing  increases heat transfer rate. Unsteady State Unbaffled Tank  Can then determine the dependence of the HTC on the impeller speed, fluid properties, and the use of baffles.

 The HT terms consist of: HT across the internal fluid to the wall of the stirred tank HT across the tank wall HT from the condensing steam to the tank wall Theory

 For Steady State: Q 13 = U(t 1 -t 3 )A Use this equation to solve for overall HTC. t 1 is the temp in the tank,t 2 is the temp of the steam trap outlet, and A is the tank area

Theory Q 13 = U(t 1 -t 3 )A Q 13, HT from steam to fluid in vessel, is the difference between heat removed in cooling coils and the heat removed by the HX: Q 13 = Q c – Q hx *Q c and Q hx can each be solved using Q=mC p Δt

Theory  h o, the HTC at outer wall surface, can be solved using: h o = 2960 (D T,o /m st ) 1/3 where D T,o is the tank diameter and m st is the mass flow rate of steam ○ m st can be found be calculating the volume of steam condensate collected per time interval

Theory  To solve for h i, HTC at inner wall, use the relation: h i = (1/U + 1/h o ) -1  For unsteady state use the relation: AU(t 1 -t 3 ) = mC p [dt3/dΘ] In this case, [dt3/dΘ] is the slope of the graph of unsteady state heating vs. time

Apparatus #Equipment 1Strobotac 2Impeller Motor 3Variable Transformer 4 Cooling Coil Inlet Flowrator Tube 5Cooling Water Inlet Valve 6Recycle Water Flowrator Tube 7 Tank Water Out of Heat Exchanger Thermometer 8 Water Inlet To Cooling Coil Thermometer 9Tank Thermometer 10Pump Power Switch 11Water Out of Cooling Coil Thermometer

Apparatus # Equipment 12 Tank 13 Cooling Water Outlet of Condenser Thermometer 14 Condenser 15 Pump 16 Cooling Water Inlet To Condenser Thermometer 17 Tank Water To Inlet of Heat Exchanger Thermometer 18 Heat Exchanger

Materials Equipment Water Graduated Cylinder Baffles Stop Watch Measuring Ruler Heat Gloves Mop

Procedure  Steady State Stirred Tank (Unbaffled): 1.Fill tank with water to about 2 inches from top. Measure height of liquid level. 2.Turn on impeller motor and set to ~ 100 RPM. 3.Turn on cooling water to cooling coils. 4.Turn on cooling water to HX. 5.Close pump discharge and pump suction valves. Open pump bypass valve.

Procedure  Steady State Stirred Tank (Unbaffled): 6.Turn on pump. 7.Open cooling water valve to steam condenser. 8.Open steam inlet valve. 9.After reaching steady state record flow rates, temperatures, and impeller speed. 10.Repeat for different impeller speeds. *Note: Adjust HX flow rate to a higher temperature to obtain data for two different temperatures at constant impeller speeds.

Procedure Continued  Steady State Stirred Tank (Baffled): 1.Repeat steps 1-10 of previous procedure using the mechanical baffles.  Unsteady State: 1.Open water inlet valve, fill tank. 2.Close all the valves for the cooling coil and recirculation water lines. 3.Turn on cooling water to condenser. 4.Open the condenser water valve, slightly open steam valve. 5.Turn on the impeller. 6.Adjust impeller speed to speeds used in SS trials. 7.Open the steam valve. 8.Measure the temp and time intervals and record data (until reach 85 o C).

Safety  Take note of equipment exposed to high heat steam and use heat gloves when necessary.  Avoid the impeller when in use.  Be cautious of water spills to prevent slipping.

References  Bird, R. B., Warren E. Stewart, and Edwin N. Lightfoot. Transport Phenomena. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Jonh Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002  Perry, Robert H., and Don W. Green. Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional,  University of Illinois at Chicago - UIC. Web. 13 Sept  McCabe, Warren L., Julian C. Smith, and Peter Harriott. Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill, (pp: ) Print.  Wankat, Phillip C. Separation Process Engineering. (2 nd Edition). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc., (pp: 573 – 579) Print.