Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Efficiency Paula Hemmer Yin Pong Chang Division of Air Quality June 15,

Purpose of Presentation Greenhouse Gas Basics Co-benefits of energy efficiency reducing GHG saving money Opportunity for low cost energy assessment GHG Reporting 2

What are Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)? Gas in the atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation in the thermal infrared range Linked to: Greenhouse Effect Climate Change Source: US EPA 3

“CO 2 Equivalent” CO 2 e = ∑ emissions i × GWP i GasFormula Global Warming Potential (100 years) Carbon dioxideCO 2 1 MethaneCH 4 21 Nitrous OxideN2ON2O310 Fluorinated gasesHFC, PFC, SF ,900 4

 Vertical red bar at the end is the increase in atmospheric CO 2 levels over the past two centuries  Shows CO 2 levels have increased 100 ppm from pre-industrial levels  CO 2 level of 450 ppm is targeted as the critical threshold beyond which catastrophic and irreversible change might occur. Source US EPA Current concentration = 393 ppm (NOAA) 5

Primary Source of GHG is the Burning of Fossil Fuels Source Sector 2010 US Emissions in CO 2 e (million metric tons) Percentage of US CO 2 e Emissions 2005 NC Emissions in CO 2 e (million metric tons) Total Emissions5, Fossil Fuel Combustion5, % Power Plants2, %69.29 Industrial1, %14.99 Transportation %50.11 Commercial349.66%4.53 Residential228.64%7.29 6

North Carolina GHG Emissions By Sector Electricity Prod. Comm./Ind. Fuel Use Transport. Ind. Processes AgricultureWaste Mgm’t Gross Statewide Emissions Million Metric Tons CO 2 e 3% of Total US Emissions Ranked 12 th highest in US 7

Energy Assessment Co-Benefits Energy Assessment Gain Process Information Reduce Energy Use Reduce Emissions Less Regulation? More Sustainable Save Money More Capital Increased Profits Save Money 8

DAQ Grant for Energy Assessments  EPA/DAQ grant to provide cost-free or reduced-cost assessments  Goal is to educate facilities on interdependency between energy consumption greenhouse gas emissions energy costs  Program is open to industrial, commercial and institutional facilities  Applications need to be submitted by July 2013  More information and application: mechanical and aerospace ENGINEERING 9

Who is Getting the Energy Assessments? No. of applications = 35 No. of assessments completed = 19 No. of assessments “in the works” = 16 No. Available = Approximately 60 Types of facilities: Furniture Electronics Lumber Tobacco Chemical Hospital Food Paper Textiles Plastic Foam/Pipe 10

* The payback time for implementation of each energy conservation measures varies from 2 to 62 months, with an average time of 22 months. Some measures have immediate payback. 11 Potential Reductions Identified through Grant Facility Annual Energy Savings Annual Cost Savings ($/yr) Annual GHG Emissions Reductions (CO2e lbs/yr) Electricity kWh Nat. Gas MMBtu Propane MMBtu Wood MMBtu #6 Oil MMBtu Lumber (3)361, , $ 25,000338,000 Furniture (3)477, , $ 53,000657,000 Switch-board943, $ 77,0001,060,000 Chemical2,290,00021, $ 262,0005,333,000 Packaging1,682,0003, $ 254,0002,588,000 Paper Mill41, $ 263,00046,000 Urethane Foam1,380,0009, $ 257,0002,668,000 Food91, $ 9,000172,000 Total7,265,00035, ,0001,000 $ 1,200,00012,862,000

1.EPA Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Rule (MRR) Facility with ≥ 25,000 metric tons CO 2 e must report Electronic Greenhouse Gas Reporting Tool (e-GGRT) 2.NC DAQ Voluntary Reporting Program Any permitted facility can submit emissions DAQ can provide technical assistance, spreadsheets Air Emissions Reporting On-line System (AERO) ructions_Nov2009_Voluntary.pdf GHG Reporting Programs 12

EPA GHG MRR Data 13

Growing Importance of Energy Efficiency 14 Nissan Plant in TN Energy Tracking System (started with lighting)

Questions? Check our website for workshops and webinars Division of Air Quality Yin-Pong George Chang, P. E Paula Hemmer Tammy Manning (Inventory)