By: Saddam Qahtan Waheed B. Sc. in Water Resources Engineering (2007) M. Sc. in Hydrological Engineering and Remote Sensing Techniques (2010) SWLRI \ NCWRM \ MoWR

Increasing water demand for crop production and other uses (power generation, transport, industry, municipal, recreational, environmental, etc.) Trans-boundary river and tributaries shared by more than one country No bi-lateral agreement Uncontrolled infrastructure development in neighboring countries; i.e. dams Diverting water from some rivers originating in Iran INTRODUCTION

Duration Total annual water form Tigris River Remarks billion m 3 Natural billion m 3 After dams construction in the upstream Total annual water in Tigers River (NCWRM, 2011) Annual Inflows of Tigris River

Annual Inflows of Euphrates River Duration Total annual water form Euphrates River Remarks billion m 3 Before dams construction in the upstream billion m 3 After construction of Kipan dam in the upstream billion m 3 After filling of Ataturk dam billion m 3 After increasing of dams construction in the upstream Total annual water in Euphrates River (NCWRM, 2011)

CHANGES IN WATER INFLOWS (1932 to 2011)

1.To investigate the feasibility of using the whole irrigable land to grow cash crops. 2.To develop the area as orchards and construct trickle irrigation system in the area to conserve water. 3.To increase crop production then export part of the products and use the returns to import wheat. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study involves the following activities: 1.Calculating the benefit from Khabat irrigation project in the current status, 2. Replacing the type of irrigation system from surface to trickle systems, 3.Changing cropping pattern in the whole project to orchards, 4.Calculating the benefits from the project after development, and 5.Comparing the benefits from the project before and after development. MATERIALS AND METHODS

KHABAT IRRIGATION PROJECT Location: Northern part of Iraq. Total command area: 10,500 hectare Total irrigated area: 3,000 hectare Current irrigation systems: Surface irrigation systems Average conveyance efficiency: 85 % Average on-farm efficiency: 25 %

Layout of Khabat irrigation project

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT Upgrading irrigation practices Changing the cropping patterns RESULTING IN: Cultivated area after development = Increasing ratio × old area = 3.6 × 3,000 = 10,800 hectare > (10,500 hectare);

The total cost of upgrading 10,500 ha. to trickle irrigation: 10,500 × 3,500 = $36,750,000 Economic life: 15 years Maintenance costs: Estimated in 5% of total cost Replacement of emitters and laterals every three years (30% of total cost) The cost of planting 10,500 ha of orchards will be: 380 × 10,500 = $ 3,990,000. Initial orchard production is after 3 years (2,600 kg/ha.) ESPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

Maximum orchard production is at the 6th year (4,600 kg/ha) Using fertilizers and herbicides, production expected to increase to 5,000 kg/ha in the 5th year; 5,200 kg/ha in the 6th year. The yearly cost of fertilizes and herbicides is about ($35,000 + $43,000 = $78,000), The operational cost of the trickle irrigation system: Electrical power supply: requirement of about 204,940 kw/day ≈ $ 3,989,000 ESPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS (cont…)

BENEFIT ANALYSIS BEFORE AND AFTER DEVELOPMENT Calculate the benefit from the project before development: cost production versus selling Calculate the production cost of each crop; Calculate the benefits from the crops

ANNUAL NET BENEFITS FROM THE PROJECT BEFORE THE DEVELOPMENT

- The net benefit of the project is $ 872, The highest benefit of the crop type is the fruits orchards (1690 $/ha./year) and the lowest is barely (100 $/ha./year) Annual benefit from each crop type in $.

The benefit from the project after development was calculated by calculating all costs. Total cost of the developing is a bank loan, it increases every year by 10% (compound interest). The construction of new irrigation system can be covered after 10 years. Expected returns of the project after development

Year Cost of changing the emitters & laterals Cost of service and maintenance Cost of planting Cost of fertilizes and herbicides Cost of electric power LoanTotal loan Loan after the interest Payment Remaining 101,837,5003,990,00078,0003,989,00036,750,00046,644,50051,308, ,85052,181, ,837,500078,0003,989,00052,181,80058,086,30063,894, ,85064,767, ,025,0001,102,500078,0003,989,00064,767,78080,962,28089,058,50812,777,15076,281, ,837,500078,0003,989,00076,281,35882,185,85890,404,44423,277,15067,127, ,837,500078,0003,989,00067,127,29473,031,79480,334,97325,377,15054,957, ,025,0001,102,500078,0003,989,00054,957,82371,152,32378,267,55526,427,15051,840, ,837,500078,0003,989,00051,840,40557,744,90563,519,39626,427,15037,092, ,837,500078,0003,989,00037,092,24642,996,74647,296,42126,427,15020,869, ,025,0001,102,500078,0003,989,00020,869,27137,063,77140,770,14826,427, ,837,500078,0003,989,00014,342,99820,247,49822,272,24726,427,150-4,154, ,837,500078,0003,989,000-4,154,9031,749,5971,924,55726,427,150-24,502, ,025,0001,102,500078,0003,989,000-24,502,593-8,308,093-9,138,90226,427,150-35,566, ,837,500078,0003,989,000-35,566,052-29,661,552-32,627,70726,427,150-59,054, ,837,500078,0003,989,000-59,054,857-53,150,357-58,465,39326,427, ,892,543 Expected bank loan payback payment

COMPARING THE BENEFITS

1.Due to the lack of water in Iraq in the last years many irrigation projects are suffering from that and the net irrigated areas were decreased to less than half. 2.The net irrigated area can be increased to three times by changing the irrigation systems from surface to trickle. 3.The net benefit from Khabat irrigation project in the current condition is $872,850 per year and after development is $84,892,500 per 15 year, $5,659,500 as average per year. 4.The net benefit from Khabat irrigation project after development is more than net benefit before the development by 6.5 times. CONCLUSIONS

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