© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 1 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 1 DIAMOND Power Solution Fiber optic interface for high power applications

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 2 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 2 Why and how to obtain a high power fiber optic connector

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 3 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 3 Why a high power fiber optic connector? The following questions must be answered:  Which are the most common installations today?  What are future market requirements?  What are the most important parameters of an optical connector? We believe the answers are as follows:  Communication networks are getting bigger, and the information traffic every day denser. The maximal power used in common fibers has now increased to 500 mW or even more.  Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology allows sending many different signals in the same line, each of them having a certain amount of power, which added up in the main cable make it reach high power values.  An up-to-date connector must be suitable for long distance transmissions and customer access furthermore present easy and secure handling, excellent as well as repeatable optical parameters, also under rough conditions.

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 4 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 4 High quality manufacturing process  Computer assisted active core alignment  extremely reduced core eccentricity  high precision tilt angle measurement  guarantee of higher random mating repeatability  low connection losses  Low energy dispersion

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 5 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 5 Safety trough connectors’ protection cap  Black chrome-plated metal protection cap as a standard component for E-2000™ and F-3000™ connector families.  Fully respects of current security requirements  Suitable for high power applications The black chrome plated metal cap features superior protection than any other previous solutions, presenting high optical isolation and very resistant construction.

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 6 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 6  Carbon reinforced protection caps for E-2000™& F-3000™ PS mating adapters  Fully respects of current security requirements  tested 24 Std. with 1 W power (E-2000™)  superior protection against undesirable radiation thanks to its high optical isolation  reduced temperature increase thanks to better thermal dissipation Safety trough adapters’ protection cap

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 7 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 7 High power technology

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 8 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 8 High Power Connector As the silica doesn't absorb the light, it doesn’t warm up and so there is no risk inside the fiber. The critical location is at the connections. At the junction, the fiber could be contaminated by dust or any kind of dirt, and the material deposited on the fiber will absorb part of the light and might warm up to a very high temperature, and hence there is a risk of damaging the fiber. In order to have a solution suitable for high power applications with max. target power at 3 W, Diamond has developed a special E-2000™ PS & F PS connectors based on standard components. Within the fiber core, which has a diameter of 9 µm, using a power of 1 W, the superficial power density reaches a value of roughly GW/m 2. (Solar surface power density is 62.6 MW/m 2 )

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 9 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 9 Simulation: burnt SM fiber Standard SM fiber  A perfectly cleaned connector can withstand up to 1 W without problems  With a slightly contaminated connector, the dirt particles will absorb light and convert it to heat Danger: the fiber could melt and collapse

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 10 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 10 Simulation: Singlemode: (spot  9  m) High Power: (spot  32  m) Fiber with expanded beam Solution: increase the mode field diameter at the connector interface the power density is lowered to a harmless value

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 11 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 11 Execution: use of a gradient index fiber (acts as a lens) to enlarge the spot SM fiber GRIN fiber SM fiber GRIN fiber splice connector 1 connector 2 10 GW/m Computer simulation: Fiber with expanded beam

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 12 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 12 High power production process

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 13 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 13 Fiber splicing  Splicing of MM to SM fibers is critical because of material difference  Diamond ZEUS fusion splicer with multimode and SM fiber capability  Fiber-to-fiber alignment on 125µm diameter ZEUS fusion splicer Multimode to single mode splice

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 14 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 14 Fibers after cleavage Cleaver with video camera High precision fiber cleaver  The fiber must be cleaved at the right distance (defines the focal length!)  Fiber cleaver including microscope and video camera for precise length measurement and splice quality assessment

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 15 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 15 First crimping device Ferrule holder Centering and Curing  The fiber must be glued within the ferrule in the right position  Special ferrule holder for the glue polymerization within standard oven  Multimode fiber is very sensitive to stress because of larger core diameter  Ferrules are pre- crimped (1° crimping) with metal wire

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 16 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 16 Collimation measurement  Expanded beam connectors are very sensitive to the focal length  CCD camera to measure the collimation during polishing steps Measurement of diameter

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 17 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 17 Pre-polishing (0°)  High power connectors need polishing process to optimize the length of the multimode fiber  Manual polishing steps Pre-polishing

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 18 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 18 Active angle alignment  Angular misalignment induces high insertion loss because of lens system  second crimping device: crimping is carried out to straighten the output beam direction, not to reduce core eccentricity which is less critical before 2nd crimping: angle=0.5°  IL=1.5 dB after 2nd crimping: angle<0.1°  IL<0.5 dB Second crimping device

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 19 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 19 Final polishing (APC 4°)  Automatic final polishing  APC 4° polishing  Achieve the right geometrical parameters  Ensure optimal Return Loss Polishing machine

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 20 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 20 Technical specification Sinlge Mode 4° APCUnitsTest conditions Insertion Loss (IL) E-2000™ typ 0.2 max 0.6 dB IEC ; 1550nm Random Insertion Loss (IL) F-3000™ typ 0.3 max 0.7 dB IEC ; 1550nm Random Insertion Loss (IL) typ 0.2 max 0.4 dB IEC ; 1550nm Against ref. Repeatability of IL max +/- 0.1 dB IEC ; 1300nm/ 1550nm IL vs. wavelength max +/ dB IEC 61300; from 1300nm to 1550nm Return Loss (RL) MM min 75* dB IEC ; 1300nm/ 1550nm Operating Temperature -40 / + 85 ** °C Storage Temperature -40 / + 90 * °C * Measured with high resolution reflectometer ** May be further limited by cable specifications.

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 21 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 21 Transmission efficiency  Wavelength dependence:  IL/  max dB/100 nm

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 22 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 22 The product family

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 23 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 23 E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS family  Use of the same basic parts to offer reliable optical and mechanical performances.  The PS connectors are suitable for Simplex, as well as for Backplane applications, thanks to the high-tech modular design of their components. E-2000™ PS Simplex F-3000™ PS SimplexF-3000™ PS Backplane E-2000™ PS Backplane

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 24 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 24 Mating adapters with integrated spring loaded metal shutters  Additional safety for the operator  Protection against sleeve contamination Integrated protective metal cap  Protection against eye-damaging laser radiation  Reduction of dust and scratches of ferrule front-faces Integration of Expanded Beam Technology within Diamond’s composite ferrule Standard connector with reduced sensibility to contamination  suitable for power up to 3 W and above benefit High-tech modular designed components  Enables fiber- as well as cable termination (up to Ø 3mm)  High packing density (port spacing similar to RJ45 design) benefit E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS Features & Benefits

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 25 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 25 E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS Simplex connectors, ensure high quality performance, maintaining channel independence and flexibility. Features of simplex connectors

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 26 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 26 E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS Backplane connectors system, is also taking all the advantages of the E- 2000™ / F-3000™ standard backplane offering up to 6 / 4 channels unit Features of Backplane connectors E-2000™ 6 channels F-3000™ 4 channels

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 27 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 27 Applications  The DIAMOND PS is a very versatile connector technology, which can be used in many different applications: Telecommunication Networks:  High bit-rates and long transmission distances  DWDM Systems (high optical power up to 3 Watts)  Data Processing Networks Within harsh environments (with standard optical power up to 500mW):  Thanks to the connector less sensitivity to contamination

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 28 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 28 Information label with safety precautions  Cleaning, handling and safety information within cable or pigtail package Safety information for Power Solution connectors

© DIAMOND SA / Titan und Krokodil / / 29 © DIAMOND Headquarters / E-2000™ & F-3000™ PS / / 29 Safety Video Inspection Microscope  The ideal device to ensure safety during front-face connector inspection  Detailed ferrule inspection enabling better assessment for cleaning