Engineering Technology Division Power Plant Construction and QA/QC Section 3.1 & 2 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals and Design

Hero Reaction Turbine – 120 B.C. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Overview Hero Reaction Turbine – 120 B.C. First Practical Turbine – 1884, C. Parsons First Power Plant – 7.5 kw – 1890 Reaction, Impulse and Velocity-Compounded Reheat Steam – 1930’s Last 100 years Turbine is the key element in generating electricity Turbines run Generators, Pumps, Fans, etc. Today up to 1,500 MW

Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Overview

Coal, Natural Gas, Nuclear, Biofuel, Waste Fuel Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Fundamentals Energy Transfer Coal, Natural Gas, Nuclear, Biofuel, Waste Fuel

Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Reaction Turbines Newton’s third law of motion – For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Narrowing Steam Path Narrowing Steam Path

Impulse Turbines Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Steam / Gas Flow Fixed Vanes Moving Blades

Reaction – Impulse Comparison Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Reaction – Impulse Comparison

Velocity-Compounded Turbine Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Velocity-Compounded Turbine Velocity compounding is a form of staging which by dividing the work load over several stages results in improved efficiency and a smaller diameter for the blade wheels due to a reduction in Ideal blade speed per stage. Inlet Pressure Inlet Velocity 1 P = V

Turbine Components - Blades Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Turbine Components - Blades Impulse Reaction

Diaphragms contain the fixed blades Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Turbine Diaphragms Diaphragms contain the fixed blades

Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Steam Turbine Casing

Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Turbine Rotor

Turbine Shaft and Casing Seals Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Turbine Shaft and Casing Seals

Turbine Types Straight HP Tandem HP Tandem LP Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Turbine Types Straight HP Tandem HP Tandem LP

Turbine – Multiple Sets Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Turbine – Multiple Sets

Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals Questions?

Type – Reaction or Impulse Steam Temperature and Pressure Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design Overview Classification by; Type – Reaction or Impulse Steam Temperature and Pressure Configuration – Compound, Tandem Compound, Cross Compound Reheat Output – MW Structural Elements

Turbine Design - Basics Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design Turbine Design - Basics

Stainless Steel – 403 & 422 (+Cr) 17-4 PH steel (+ Ti) Super Alloys Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design Materials Blades Stainless Steel – 403 & 422 (+Cr) 17-4 PH steel (+ Ti) Super Alloys Rotor High “Chrome – Moley” Steel – Cr-Mo-V Low “Ni Chrome Steel – Ni-Cr-Mo-V

Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design Questions?