Differences between the North and South

Essential Questions What differences existed between ordinary Americans living in the North and those living in the South in the years before the Civil War? What important issues are reflected in the differences between life in the North and the South? What kinds of changes were taking place in the United States at the time?

Your Assignment Get with one other person. You must have a partner! Partner 1: Read rules 1,3,9,11 from Lewiston Mills Write a one sentence summary of each rule in the Northern Column Partner 2: Read rules 1,5,6,9.12 from Debow’s Plantation Write a one sentence summary of each rule in the Southern Column Together: Can you find any similarities between the rules you just read? Together: Can you find any differences between the rules you just read?

Example: 1st. It is strictly required of the manager that he rise at the dawn of day every morning; that he blow a horn for the assembling of the hands; require all hands to repair to a certain and fixed place in ten minutes after the blowing of the horn, and there himself see that all are present, or notice absentees; after which the hands will receive their orders and be started to their work under charge of the foreman. The stable will generally be the most convenient place for the assembling of all hands after morning call. What similarities do you notice for the manager and the overseer? What about the differences?

Example: Lewiston Mills DeBow’s Plantation “They are to see that all those employed under them are in their places in due season” “there himself see that all are present, or notice absentees” “The Overseers are required to be in their rooms at the starting of the Mills” “require all hands to repair to a certain and fixed place in ten minutes after the blowing of the horn….. The stable will generally be the most convenient place for the assembling of all hands after morning call.” They are suppose to make sure each worker is where he/she is supposed to be. The Overseers go into the workers rooms The managers blow a horn and expect the workers to all meet in one spot – the stable in this case.

People and Places in the North and South Compare the following views of Richmond and New York City, two important urban areas. Richmond was the third largest city in the South; it became the capital of the Confederacy. New York was the largest city in the North. What differences between the North and South do these photographs reflect? Which city would be more effective in contributing to a war effort?

In 1860, New York County had a population of 813,660. New York City, 1860 In 1860, New York County had a population of 813,660. Tennant Housing, New York City, Lower Manhattan http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com This is a look at Broadway above Canal Street. Date: 1860 circa 5 years http://www.picturehistory.com/product/id/1633

Richmond, Virginia, 1860 Below: View of Richmond, Va, ca. 1860 (State Capitol in the Background) Above: Downtown Richmond, Va, ca. 1860 (Christ Church) in the background. The growth of the railroads in the mid-1800s led to Richmond becoming a commercial and industrial center. Richmond was also one of the most important slave markets in the United States.) http://www.usa-civil-war.com/Civil_War/rich_city.html

NORTH SOUTH It was an economy that was shaped by the Industrial Revolution. There were many factories that mass produced good using interchangeable parts.  Laborers were paid minimal wages. It was an economy based on agriculture. Cash crops like cotton and tobacco were especially important to the economy. Slaves were paid no wages, they were given room and board.

Economies in the North and South

U.S Railroads as of 1860 By 1860, railroads have spread all across the country. Where are railroads most prominent? Why were railroads so important to the economy?

Transcontinental Railroad

Canal Building Frenzy Eerie Canal When finally completed on October 26, 1825, it was the engineering marvel of its day. It included 18 aqueducts to carry the canal over ravines and rivers, and 83 locks, with a rise of 568 feet from the Hudson River to Lake Erie. It was 4 feet deep and 40 feet wide, and floated boats carrying 30 tons of freight. A ten foot wide towpath was built along the bank of the canal for horses, mules, and oxen led by a boy boat driver or "hoggee".

How did the construction of so many railroads and canals help the northern economy? Transporting goods was made easier and quicker with the canals and railroads.  The cost of transporting goods was decreased.  Transporting the goods meant more people had access to mass produced products that were cheaper and so more people could buy the products. 

Exit Card List three differences and three similarities between life in the North and the South in the years before the Civil War. Discuss how these differences contributed to serious disagreements between the North and South.