Lecture 13 – October 29, 2012 Union Strategy in 1863 & 64: Troop Movements: First, What Happened in 1863? East: Protecting DC/ Pursuing Lee’s Army West:

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 13 – October 29, 2012 Union Strategy in 1863 & 64: Troop Movements: First, What Happened in 1863? East: Protecting DC/ Pursuing Lee’s Army West: Dividing, then Subdividing the Confederacy Vicksburg Campaign [after many attempts and a siege, Union victory 7/4/63] Chattanooga – Chickamauga campaign – [August – September 1863] Major Military Initiatives in Union’s plans for the winter & spring of 1864 Grant: Assaults on all Fronts! Simultaneous Advance on 5 Fronts: LA  Mobile, AL [Banks] Chattanooga  Atlanta [Sherman] Army of Potomac  ANV [Grant/Meade] James River  Richmond [Butler] West VA  Shenandoah Valley [Sigel] – later Sheridan! Shifting Military Policy Using African Americans --Confederates Respond to EP, Lincoln Counters Davis’s order United States Colored Troops – how & where they served / challenges to fighting Hard Hand of War – Sherman from Atlanta to the Sea Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley POWs – The Evolution of Prisoner Exchange Policy Prisons – Why Have them? Breakdown of Prisoner Exchange Were Northern Prisons Just as Bad as Southern Ones? Then Talk about Prisons & Desertion

1863

Lee -vs- Meade

View of Seminary Ridge from Union position on Cemetery Hill

View of Cemetery Ridge from Confederate position on Seminary Ridge

Lecture 13 – October 29, 2012 Union Strategy in 1863 & 64: Troop Movements: First, What Happened in 1863? East: Protecting DC/ Pursuing Lee’s Army West: Dividing, then Subdividing the Confederacy Vicksburg Campaign [after many attempts and a siege, Union victory 7/4/63] Chattanooga – Chickamauga campaign – [August – September 1863] Major Military Initiatives in Union’s plans for the winter & spring of 1864 Grant: Assaults on all Fronts! Simultaneous Advance on 5 Fronts: LA  Mobile, AL [Banks] Chattanooga  Atlanta [Sherman] Army of Potomac  ANV [Grant/Meade] James River  Richmond [Butler] West VA  Shenandoah Valley [Sigel] – later Sheridan! Shifting Military Policy Using African Americans --Confederates Respond to EP, Lincoln Counters Davis’s order United States Colored Troops – how & where they served / challenges to fighting Hard Hand of War – Sherman from Atlanta to the Sea Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley POWs – The Evolution of Prisoner Exchange Policy Prisons – Why Have them? Breakdown of Prisoner Exchange Were Northern Prisons Just as Bad as Southern Ones? Then Talk about Prisons & Desertion

Grant’s 1863 Strategy for Vicksburg

Siege of Vicksburg – Living in Caves

Lecture 13 – October 29, 2012 Union Strategy in 1863 & 64: Troop Movements: First, What Happened in 1863? East: Protecting DC/ Pursuing Lee’s Army West: Dividing, then Subdividing the Confederacy Vicksburg Campaign [after many attempts and a siege, Union victory 7/4/63] Chattanooga – Chickamauga campaign – [August – September 1863] Major Military Initiatives in Union’s plans for the winter & spring of 1864 Grant: Assaults on all Fronts! Simultaneous Advance on 5 Fronts: LA  Mobile, AL [Banks] Chattanooga  Atlanta [Sherman] Army of Potomac  ANV [Grant/Meade] James River  Richmond [Butler] West VA  Shenandoah Valley [Sigel] – later Sheridan! Shifting Military Policy Using African Americans --Confederates Respond to EP, Lincoln Counters Davis’s order United States Colored Troops – how & where they served / challenges to fighting Hard Hand of War – Sherman from Atlanta to the Sea Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley POWs – The Evolution of Prisoner Exchange Policy Prisons – Why Have them? Breakdown of Prisoner Exchange Were Northern Prisons Just as Bad as Southern Ones? Then Talk about Prisons & Desertion

Thomas Wentworth Higginson Robert Gould Shaw

Libby Prison, Richmond, VA

Burying the Dead At Andersonville Prison

Captain Henry [Hartmann Heinrich] Wirz, Superintendent Andersonville Prison

1864 Sketch of a Union Prison Camp

Baseball at Salisbury, NC Prison Camp

Union Prisoner Released from Andersonville, Spring 1865

Philip Sheridan – Union Cavalry Commdr. chased Confederates back up the Valley (south) and laid waste to valley resources.

Georgia Campaign Grant & Lee in central Virginia