Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration FLIGHT TEST SAFETY WORKSHOP Flight Test Safety Workshop Jim Richmond Aircraft Certification Service Flight Program Manager November 11, 2009 FAA Approval of Highly Integrated Avionics Systems

2 Federal Aviation Administration Aircraft Certification Service November 12, 2009 April 30, 2009 The Concern There are few specific rules or guidance for flight test of avionics systems While integrated cockpits improve situational awareness and safety, flight test must ensure pilots can effectively cope with new avionics in all situations Flight test knowledge of system architecture is essential in evaluating integrated avionics systems

10 Federal Aviation Administration Aircraft Certification Service November 12, 2009 April 30, 2009 Sources of FAA Policy for Avionics FAA Advisory material RTCA Documents –DO-178B SAE Documents –ARP-4754 –Policy Conflicts -- ARP takes precedence for software level determination

11 Federal Aviation Administration Aircraft Certification Service November 12, 2009 April 30, 2009 Significant changes in Avionics Three areas of change –Satellite based navigation –System integration –Pathway presentation

12 Federal Aviation Administration Aircraft Certification Service November 12, 2009 April 30, Status of Global Navigation Satellite Systems Global Constellations –GPS (24+) [31] –GLONASS (30) [20] –Galileo (27) [2+] –Compass (35) [2] Satellite-Based Augmentations –WAAS (3) –MSAS (2) –EGNOS (3) –GAGAN (3) –SDCM (2) Satellite Based Navigation

13 Federal Aviation Administration Aircraft Certification Service November 12, 2009 April 30, 2009 Current State of GPS Approaches WAAS performance standard released October 31, 2008 FAA has now published over 1,600 LPV approach procedures based on WAAS More WAAS-supported LPV approaches than Cat I ILS approaches WAAS-capable GPS receivers are specified in FAA Technical Standard Orders 145 & 146

14 Federal Aviation Administration Aircraft Certification Service November 12, 2009 April 30, 2009 Typical GPS System Architecture GNSS RECEIVER FMS CDU AFCS PATH DISPLAY ANNUNCIATIONS

15 Federal Aviation Administration Aircraft Certification Service November 12, 2009 April 30, 2009 LPV & LNAV/VNAV Approach Architecture Linear Deviation Angular Deviation

16 Federal Aviation Administration Aircraft Certification Service November 12, 2009 April 30, 2009 Systems Integration –Flat panels doing everything Attitude Nav/Com Airspeed Clock Altimeter Engine gages Heading Temperature FuelOther

18 Federal Aviation Administration Aircraft Certification Service November 12, 2009 April 30, 2009 Integrated Avionics Suppliers Partial list AspenAvidyneBecker Blue MountainCheltonDynon GarminHoneywell Insight Instruments IS&SL-3Lowrance NARCOOP TechPanasonic Rockwell CollinsSagemSandel ShadinTru TrakUniversal

Aspen

Avidyne

Avio NG

Garmin G1000

Honeywell APEX

L-3 Smartdeck

Rockwell Collins

Universal

Bendix-King

Sandel

Sagem

Dynon

34 Federal Aviation Administration Aircraft Certification Service November 12, 2009 April 30, 2009 Pathway Presentation LNAV/VNAV & WAAS based LPV Approaches –Transparent pathway Highway In The Sky (HITS) –Perception that this is new technology –Reality is that HITS is essentially a 3 dimensional flight director –Appropriate flight path guidance required Model is usually HUD based Flight path vector symbol

35 Federal Aviation Administration Aircraft Certification Service November 12, 2009 April 30, 2009 Current Areas of Concern WAAS LPV Approaches –Misleading Approach Guidance during a WAAS LPV Approach is classified as HazardousHazardous –Use of FMS for WAAS LPV approachesFMS Envelope Protection –Implementation –Human Factors elements New Avionics Suites –Display compression –What information to display –Implementation of Highway In The Sky (HITS)

36 Federal Aviation Administration Aircraft Certification Service November 12, 2009 April 30, 2009 To be remembered There are few specific rules or guidance for flight test of avionics systems Integrated cockpits can improve situational awareness and improve safety but flight test must ensure the pilot can effectively cope with the new avionics in all situations Knowledge of system architecture is essential in evaluating integrated avionics systems

Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration FLIGHT TEST SAFETY WORKSHOP Flight Test Safety Workshop Jim Richmond Aircraft Certification Service Flight Program Manager November 11, 2009 FAA Approval of Highly Integrated Avionics Systems

38 Federal Aviation Administration Aircraft Certification Service November 12, 2009 April 30, 2009 Definitions Hazardous –Failure conditions that would reduce the capability of the airplane or the ability of the crew to cope with adverse operating conditions to the extent that there would be the following: a)A large reduction in safety margins or functional capabilities; b)Physical distress or higher workload such that the flight crew cannot be relied upon to perform their tasks accurately or completely; or c)Serious or fatal injury to an occupant other than the flight crew.