PROPERTIES OF WATER (Part 2)

5)Water is the ONLY substance on Earth that is naturally found in all three states! GASLIQUID SOLID glacie r ocean water vapor

IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT WATER ON EARTH About ____of our planet is water! About ____ of the water on Earth is ______ _______! ONLY _______ of the water on Earth is __________ MOST OF EARTH’S FRESH WATER IS ___________! ~ ________ ______ ____ of the fresh water on Earth is UNFROZEN and available for humans to use!

6) Water has a very HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT. The man & the sand are getting very hot very quickly. Water is able to absorb heat without a large change in temperature. The water has been heated just as long as the sand, but is NOT getting hot quickly. This is why people can cool off in the water at a beach or pool even though the land is very hot.

HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT (continued!) 2)Slowly releasing heat in the winter. ~so the water stays warmer than the land Because of this, the climate near large bodies of water is slightly milder (less extreme temperatures) than areas that are not near large bodies of water. 1)Slowly absorbing heat in the summer. ~so the water stays cooler than the land! Large bodies of water, like oceans, act to moderate the climate of the surrounding land by:

HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT (continued!) If you compare the predicted temperatures each day for HAMPTON and RICHMOND…. IN THE WINTER: Being near the water keeps HAMPTON warmer than inland cities, like Richmond, because the water is warmer than the land! 42 o F 36 o F

HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT (continued!) If you compare the predicted temperatures each day for HAMPTON and RICHMOND…. 79 o F 86 o F IN THE SUMMER: Being near the water keeps HAMPTON COOLER than inland cities, like Richmond, because the water is cooler than the land!

7) Water EXPANDS (takes up more space) when it is FROZEN. This is unusual because most matter contracts (takes up less space) when it is frozen. This is why ICE FLOATS IN WATER!!! Because water expands when frozen, it is less dense than liquid water. (ICE contains FEWER molecules than water in the same amount of space.) floating iceberg

7) Water EXPANDS when FROZEN (continued) This is also why sidewalks crack & why we get potholes in roads! Water melts and contracts during the day, then freezes & EXPANDS at night, pushing rock and pavement apart! This is called ICE WEDGING or FROST WEDGING Freezing water can break rock through the process of freezing and thawing (PHYSICAL weathering). ROCK WATER FREEZING & THAWING

Water can also cause CHEMICAL WEATHERING through acid rain. ACID RAIN happens when water mixes with dissolved gases in the air. When it rains, acid rain causes the minerals in rocks to be changed, leading to the breaking down of the rock. Concrete, limestone, and marble are often broken down by chemical weathering. before after

INCLUDE ADD’L SLIDE NOTING THAT 97% OF EARTH’S WATER IS SALT WATER….AND TELL HOW MUCH IS FRESH….BUT HOW MUCH OF THAT IS FROZEN!....SO HOW MUCH ARE WE ABLE TO GET TO EASILY?

INCLUDE THAT THIS IS PHYSICAL WEATHERING—BUT THEN INCLUDE A SLIDE ON HOW WATER CAN CAUSE CHEMICAL WEATHERING IF IN THE FORM OF ACID RAIN (TOO MUCH CARBON DIOXIDE IN ATMOSPHERE!!!

QUIZ! 3)If you were a polar molecule, you would have a ____________ end and a _____________ end. 2) Water is very ________ “ sticky ” because it is a polar molecule. 1)Because water is a polar molecule, it can climb the walls of a small tube (traveling against gravity). We call this _________ _________. 4)Which property of water causes ice wedging? 5) Which property of water makes it enjoyable to jump into the water at a beach or pool in the summer? 6) Why is the climate of Hampton milder than the climate of Richmond?

QUIZ! 9) If you were a tiny insect, which property of water would allow you to “ walk on water ” ? 8) Water has a strong surface tension because _______. 7) Because water can cause MANY substances to dissolve,it is called the _________ _________. 10) Which substance on our planet is the only one naturally found in all three states of matter?