F ROM W AR TO PEACE Chapter 18 section 4

B URNSIDE GETS THE C OMMAND After the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg, Maryland), Lincoln fired general George McClellan for refusing to attack Lee’s retreating Confederate army. Lincoln gave command to General Ambrose. E. Burnside. In December 1862, Lee defeated Burnside’s forces at Fredericksburg, Virginia.

U NION G ENERAL G EORGE M C C LELLAN

U NION G ENERAL A MBROSE E. B URNSIDE

C ONFEDERATE G ENERAL R OBERT E. L EE

B ATTLE OF F REDERICKSBURG, V IRGINIA

B ATTLE OF C HANCELLORSVILLE Union General Joseph Hooker was stopped by Lee’s force at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia, in May, The greatest loss to the South at Chancellorsville was the death of General Stonewall Jackson, Lee’s “right arm”. Jackson was accidentally shot by his own men.

U NION G ENERAL J OSEPH H OOKER

C HANCELLORSVILLE, V IRGINIA

C ONFEDERATE G ENERAL STONEWALL J ACKSON

B ATTLE OF G ETTYSBURG (P ENNSYLVANIA ) The Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania(Union victory) was the turning point in the war because from then on General Lee fought a defensive war on southern soil. It lasted from July 1-4, The casualties of Gettysburg were staggering. 23,000 for the Union and 28,000 for the Confederacy. A national cemetery was created for soldiers who died at Gettysburg. At the dedication ceremony on Nov. 19,1863, President Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address. (270 words-lasted 2 minutes)

G ETTYSBURG J ULY 1-4, 1863

G ETTYSBURG ( D EVIL ’ S D EN )

D EVIL ’ S D EN ( L ITTLE ROUND T OP )

G ETTYSBURG T ODAY -C EMETERY H ILL

G ETTYSBURG ADDRESS N OV. 19,1863

L INCOLN AT G ETTYSBURG

G ETTYSBURG A DDRESS

B ATTLE OF V ICKSBURG Grant finally conquered Vicksburg, (Mississippi). It started May 22,1863 and the Confederates surrendered to Grant July 4, Vicksburg was the key to the Mississippi River. Then Grant captured Chattanooga, (Tennessee) a key railroad center in November 23-25, 1863.

V ICKSBURG

S IEGE A T V ICKSBURG

S HERMAN ’ S M ARCH T O A TLANTA Grant ordered General William Tecumseh Sherman to invade Georgia and take Atlanta, while Grant would lead the army of the Potomac to capture Confederate capital, Richmond, Virginia. Sherman waged total war. He burned down Atlanta and carried out devastating march across Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. Total war- war against armies and also against a people’s resources and will to fight

U NION G ENERAL W ILLIAM T ECUMSEH S HERMAN

B ATTLE OF P ETERSBURG (V IRGINIA ) For nine months, Grant’s forces battered Lee’s defenses at Petersburg, Virginia, the gateway to the Confederate capital, Richmond, Virginia. They finally broke through on April 1, Two days later, Union troops marched into Richmond.

P ETERSBURG

L EE FLEES R ICHMOND Lee fled Richmond with 30,000 soldiers. Grant followed. Other Union forces cut off Lee’s escape route. Outnumbered and surrounded, Lee decided that further fighting would be useless.

L EE SURRENDERS AT A PPOMATTOX On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia. The designated spot was the Mc Lean house. Grant offered generous terms to the Confederate troops. Lee’s troops could go home if they promised to fight no more. All soldiers could keep their own horses. Grant also provided food for Lee’s starving troops. The last Confederate general to surrender was General Stand Watie of the Cherokee Nation. On May 10, 1865 Jefferson Davis was captured. The war was over. ( over 620,000 Confederate and Union soldiers dead.)

U NION S OLDIERS AT A PPOMATTOX

T HE M C L EAN H OME

M C L EAN H OME

L EE AT A PPOMATTOX

L EE ’ S SURRENDER T O G RANT

C ONFEDERATE G ENERAL S TAND W ATIE